Variables cinéticas y stiffness vertical de bailarinas de ballet en la realización de un salto vertical

  1. Rojano-Ortega, Daniel 1
  1. 1 Univesidad Pablo de Olavide
Revista:
RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte

ISSN: 1885-3137

Año de publicación: 2021

Título del ejemplar: Enero

Volumen: 17

Número: 63

Páginas: 1-12

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5232/RICYDE2021.06301 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte

Resumen

El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar las variables cinéticas y el stiffness vertical de jóvenes bailarinas de ballet en la realización de un salto vertical. 16 adolescentes andaluzas participaron en este estudio. Ocho de ellas eran bailarinas de ballet (15,00 ± 1,07 años) que se encontraban cursando las enseñanzas profesionales de Danza Clásica y las otras ocho eran chicas sedentarias (15,13 ± 1,36 años). Ejecutaron dos tipos distintos de saltos verticales, salto vertical con contramovimiento (CMJ) y salto Abalakov (ABK), y se analizaron las variables cinéticas y el stiffness vertical. Los resultados muestran que las bailarinas no tienen una buena utilización de las extremidades superiores, pues su altura del salto aumentó únicamente un 5,96% en el salto ABK, a diferencia de las sedentarias en las que aumentó un 22,25%. En el CMJ se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos en la altura del salto, la fuerza media, el pico de fuerza, el impulso de aceleración, la potencia media, el pico de potencia y el stiffness vertical normalizado (p < 0,01), así como en la duración del impulso de aceleración y el stiffness vertical (p < 0,05). Estos resultados demuestran que las bailarinas tienen mayor capacidad impulsiva que las sedentarias. Además, su alto valor del stiffness vertical puede ser indicador de una buena utilización del ciclo estiramiento-acortamiento y podría ser la causa o el efecto de esa mayor capacidad impulsiva. Serían interesantes futuros trabajos que comparen las bailarinas con otros grupos de deportistas incluyendo valores del stiffness vertical.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Annino, G.; Padua, E.; Castagna, C.; Di Salvo, V.; Minichella, S.; Tsarpela, O.; Manzi, V., & D’Ottavio, S. (2007). Effect of Whole Body Vibration Training on Lower Limb Performance in Selected High-Level Ballet Students. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(4), 1072-1076. https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200711000-00016
  • Bosco, C. (1999). Strength Assessment with the Bosco’s Test (pp. 68). Rome: Italian Society of Sport Science.
  • Bosco, C. (2000). La fuerza muscular. Aspectos metodológicos. Barcelona: Inde Publicaciones.
  • Brown, A.C.; Wells, T.J.; Schade, M.L.; Smith, D.L., & Fehling, P.C. (2007). Effects of Plyometric Training versus Traditional Weight Training on Strength, Power and Aesthetic Jumping Ability in Female Collegiate Dancers. Journal of Dance Medicine and Science, 11(2), 38-44.
  • Brughelli, M., & Cronin, J. (2008). A review of research on the mechanical stiffness in running and jumping: methodology and implications. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 18, 417-426. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00769.x
  • Butler, R.J.; Crowell, H.P., & Davis, I.M. (2003). Lower extremity stiffness: implications performance and injury. Clinical Biomechanics, 18, 511-517. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0268-0033(03)00071-8
  • Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Second Edition. Hillsdate, NJ: LEA.
  • Feltner, M.E.; Bishop, E.J., & Pérez, C.M. (2004). Segmental and kinetic contributions in vertical jumps performed with and without arm swing. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 75, 216-230. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2004.10609155
  • Goodwin, J.S.; Blackburn, J.T.; Schwartz, T.A., & Williams, D.S.B. (2019). Clinical Predictors of Dynamic Lower Extremity Stiffness During Running. Journal of Orthopaedic Sports & Physical Therapy, 49(2), 98-104. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2019.7683
  • González, J.J., y Ribas, J. (2002). Programación del Entrenamiento de Fuerza (327). Barcelona: INDE Publicaciones.
  • González, J.J., y Marques, M.C. (2009). Relationship between kinematic factors and countermovement jump height in trained track and field athletes. The Journal of Strenght and Conditioning Research, 24(12), 3443-7. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bac37d
  • Harman, E.A.; Rosenstein, M.T.; Frykman, P.N., & Rosenstein, R.M. (1990). The effects of arms and countermovement on vertical jumping. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 22, 825-833. https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-199012000-00015
  • Hori, N.; Newton, R.U.; Kawamori, N.; McGuigan, M.R.; Kraemer, W.J., & Nosaka, K. (2009). Reliability of Performance Measurements derived from Ground Reaction Force data during Countermovement Jump and the influence of Sampling Frequency. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(3), 874-882. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a00ca2
  • Kalkhoven, J.T., & Watsford, M.L. (2018). The relationship between mechanical stiffness and athletic performance markers in sub-elite footballers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(9), 1022-1029. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1349921
  • Kenne, E., & Unnithan, V.B. (2008). Knee and Ankle Strength and Lower Extremity Power in Adolescent Female Ballet Dancers. Journal of Dance Medicine & Science, 12(2), 59-65.
  • Kirby, T.J.; McBride, J.M.; Haines, T.L., & Dayne, A.M. (2011). Relative Net Vertical Impulse Determines Jumping Performance. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 27, 207- 214. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.27.3.207
  • Kuitunen, S.; Ogiso, K., & Komi, P.V. (2011). Leg and joint stiffness in human hopping. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 21, e159–e167. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01202.x
  • Laffaye, G.; Bardy, B.G., & Durey, A. (2005). Leg Stiffness and Expertise in Men Jumping. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 37(4), 536-543. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000158991.17211.13
  • Lees, A.; Vanrenterghem, J., y DeClercq, D. (2004). Understanding how an arm swing enhances performance in the vertical jump. Journal of Biomechanics, 37, 1929-1940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2004.02.021
  • Liederbach, M.; Richardson, M.; Rodriguez, M.; Compagno, J.; Dilgen, F.E., & Rose, D.J. (2006). Jump exposures in the dance training environment: a measure of ergonomic demand. Journal of Athletic Training, 41(S85).
  • Linthorne, N.P. (2001). Analysis of standing vertical jumps using a force platform. American Journal of Physics, 69(11), 1198-1204.
  • Maloney, S.J.; Richards, J.; Nixon, D.G.D.; Harvey, L.J., & Fletcher, I.M. (2016). Vertical stiffness asymmetries during drop jumping are related to ankle stiffness asymmetries. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 27, 661–669. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12682
  • Mandic, R.; Knezevic, O.M.; Mirkov, D.M., & Jaric, S. (2016). Control strategy of maximum vertical jumps: The preferred countermovement depth may not be fully optimized for jump height. Journal of Human Kinetics, 52, 85-94. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0196
  • McMahon, T.A., & Cheng, G.C. (1990). The mechanics of running: How does stiffness couple with speed? Journal of Biomechanics, 23(1), 65-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(90)90042-2
  • Reiser, R.F.; Rocheford, E.C., & Armstrong, C.J. (2006). Building a Better Understanding of Basic Mechanical Principles Through Analysis of the Vertical Jump. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 28(4), 70-80.
  • Sáez de Villareal, E.; Kellis, E.; Kraemer, W.J., & Izquierdo, M. (2009). Determining Variables of Plyometric Training for Improving Vertical Jump Height Performance: Meta-Analysis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(2), 495-506. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318196b7c6
  • Sanborn, K. (2008). Development of Explosive Power: Plyometric Training. Olympic Coach, 20(2), 12-14.
  • Sánchez-Sixto, A.; Harrison, A.J.; y Floría, P. (2018). Larger Countermovement Increases the Jump Height of Countermovement Jump. Sports, 6, 131. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6040131
  • San Román, J.; Calleja-González, J.; Castellano, J., y Casamichana, D. (2010) Análisis de la capacidad de salto antes, durante y después de la competición en jugadores internacionales junior de baloncesto. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte, 21(6), 311-321. http://dx.doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2010.02105
  • Sarvestan, J.; Cheraghi, M.; Sebyani, M.; Shirzad, E., & Svoboda, Z. (2018). Relationships between force-time curve variables and jump height during countermovement jumps in young elite volleyball players. Acta Gymnica, 48(1), 9–14.
  • Serpell, B.G.; Ball, N.B.; Scarvell, J.M., & Smith, P.N. (2012). A review of models of vertical, leg, and knee stiffness in adults for running, jumping or hopping tasks. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(13), 1347–1363. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.710755
  • Serpell, B.G.; Scarvell, J.M.; Ball, N.B., & Smith, P.N. (2014). Vertical stiffness and muscle strain in professional Australian football. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(20), 1924–1930. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.942681
  • Seyfarth, A.; Geyer, H.; Günther, M., & Blickhan, R. (2002). A movement criterion for running. Journal of Biomechanics, 35, 649-655. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(01)00245-7
  • Singh, B.; Kumar, A., & Ranga, M.D. (2017). Biomechanical Analysis of Explosive Strength of Legs of Athletes. Journal of Exercise Science & Physiotherapy, 13(1), 53- 61.
  • Tsanaka, A.; Manou, V., & Kellis, S. (2017). Effects of a Modified Ballet Class on Strength and Jumping Ability in College Ballet Dancers. Journal of Dance Medicine & Science, 21(3), 97-101. https://doi.org/10.12678/1089-313X.21.3.97
  • Vaverka, F.; Jandačka, D.; Zahradník, D.; Uchytil, J.; Farana, R.; Supej, M., & Vodičar, J. (2016). Effect of an Arm Swing on Countermovement Vertical Jump Performance in Elite Volleyball Players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 53, 41-50. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2016-0009
  • Wang, L. I.; Lin, D.C., & Huang, C. (2004). Age Effect on Jumping Techniques and Lower Limb Stiffness During Vertical Jump. Research in Sports Medicine, 12, 209–219.
  • Ward, R. E.; Yan, A. F.; Orishimo, K. F.; Kremenic, I. J.; Hagins, M.; Liederbach, M.; Hiller, C. E., & Pappas, E. (2019). Comparison of lower limb stiffness between male and female dancers and athletes during drop jump landings. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 29,71–81. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13309
  • Waxman, J. P.; Ford, K. R.; Nguyen, A., & Taylor, J. B. (2019). Female Athletes With Varying Levels of Vertical Stiffness Display Kinematic and Kinetic Differences During Single-Leg Hopping. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 2018, 34, 65-75. https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.2017-0144
  • Wyon, M.; Allen, N.; Angioi, M.; Nevill, A., & Twitchett, E. (2006). Anthropometric factors affecting vertical jump height in ballet dancers. Journal of Dance Medicine & Science, 10(3 & 4), 106-10.
  • Wyon, M. A.; Deighan, M. A.; Nevill, A. M.; Doherty, M.; Morrison, S. L.; Allen, N.; Jobson, S. J., & George, S. (2007). The cardiorespiratory, anthropometric, and performance characteristics of an international/national touring ballet company. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 21(2), 389-93. https://doi.org/10.1519/R-19405.1
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet