Nuevas aplicaciones móviles para la enseñanza de la música. Análisis y propuestas de mejora de una aplicación móvil de realidad aumentada para la apreciación de la forma musical

Abstract

The Augmented Reality is a technology increasingly studied in recent years and progressively implemented at schools. In this way, the University of Seville has developed an application program with this technology, called "El Elefante", in the framework of a call for the production of Augmented Reality resources 2015 of the University itself, to improve the appreciation of form and musical reading. The research carried out here has sought to study, on the one hand, the knowledge that the students of Baccalaureate at High Schools and at University have related to the Augmented Reality; and on the other hand, if the above mentioned app has improved the users´appreciation of the form and the musical reading. Additionally, the technical, aesthetic and pedagogical quality of the application has been studied in order to be able to improve it in future versions of the same. For this study, various educational centres were visited with Baccalaureate of Arts and various groups of university students of the Faculty of Education Sciences, reaching a total sample of 290 students. To all of them, they were passed a Pretest to later use the app of RA and, finally, to make a Postest. The analysis of the data was carried out mainly through a quantitative methodology based on descriptive analysis and the use of hypotheses studied using chi-squared test, using the program IBM SPSS Statistics v.24. As a result of the research, it has been verified that, in general, there is a wide ignorance of the Augmented Reality on the part of our students, but also great expectations with respect to Nuevas aplicaciones móviles para la enseñanza de la música. Análisis y propuestas de mejora de una aplicación móvil de Realidad Aumentada para la apreciación de la forma musical 10 this technology. The use of an app such as "The Elephant" has motivated the students and has allowed them to appreciate a complex concept like the musical form of a score. In addition, many students have claimed to expect more from the application possibly because they had very high expectations. After analyzing the answers of the questionnaires, it was verified that the technical and design evaluation of the app have been very satisfactory in general, emphasizing its ease of installation and its audio quality. The students have positively valued the pedagogical quality. They emphasize the help that the app supposes at visual level to appreciate the form and the musical reading, although it is still difficult for them to define the concept of form in music. In addition, students of the Baccalaureate of Arts have been more demanding with respect to the pedagogical quality than the students of the Faculty of Education Sciences. It is also necessary to add that one of the main limitations of the application is the fact of having only a score for its use, reason why many students have claimed more scores available to be able to use them with the application. In view of the results, it is concluded that the Augmented Reality used in didactic applications has a great motivating power and it is an aid to appreciate complex concepts such as musical forms. Therefore, it is necessary to continue researching in this field, improving existing applications, such as the one that has been the subject of study in this thesis and creating new ones for both music teaching as well as other subjects.