Jóvenes PYMES tecnológicas en Españaanálisis del ecosistema financiero como factor estratégico en su crecimiento
- Vega Pascual, Manuela 1
- di Pietro, Filippo 1
- Palacín-Sánchez, María-José 1
- Alfalla-Luque, Rafaela 1
-
1
Universidad de Sevilla
info
ISSN: 1988-9046
Year of publication: 2025
Issue: 1
Pages: 61-87
Type: Article
More publications in: Revista de Estudios Empresariales. Segunda época
Abstract
Technology companies are fundamental to the development of a country’s economy, so it is essential to analyze possible factors that support their creation and consolidation. This research study the relationship between the growth of young technology companies and the financial ecosystem, characterised by the emergence of new, more agile and flexible sources of finance. Specifically, an empirical analysis is carried out using an indicator of the evolution of the financial environment that takes into account all available alternative sources of external finance. The analysis uses panel data methodology, specifically the Baltagi-Wu GLS estimator with random effects model, on a sample of 158 young technology SMEs from different Spanish regions. The results show, among other things, a positive and significant relationship between the development of the regional financial ecosystem and the growth in turnover and assets of young technology SMEs, indicating that regions with more developed financial ecosystems offer greater opportunities for growth. This has implications for strategic and operational managers, as it confirms that the decision to locate in different regions not only affects aspects such as production and logistics, but also access to sources of finance, which will have a direct impact on sales and asset growth. Likewise, politicians and public managers should be aware of the importance of promoting adequate financial ecosystems that facilitate the development and survival of these companies.
Bibliographic References
- Alfalla-Luque, R., Medina-Lopez, C. and Dey, P.K. (2013). Supply chain integration framework using literature review. Production Planning and Control, 24(8–9), pp. 800–817. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2012.666870
- Andrieu, G., La, T. and Staglianò, R. (2021). Debt financing and firm growth : European evidence on start- ups. pp. 1–43. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3919521
- Antón-tejón, M. (2024). Parques científicos y tecnológicos, heterogeneidad y calidad de las patentes. Economía Industrial, Vol. 432, pp. 121–138.
- Apte (2024). https://www.apte.org/
- Arouri, H., Ben Youssef, A., Quatraro, F. and Vivarelli, M. (2020). Drivers of growth in Tunisia: young firms vs incumbents. Small Business Economics, Vol. 54, pp. 323–340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-018-00133-6
- Baltagi, B.H. and Wu, P.X. (1999). Unequally spaced panel data regressions with AR(1) disturbances. Econometric Theory, Vol. 15 No. 6, pp. 814–823. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266466699156020
- Beck, T. (2012). The Role of Finance in Economic Development: Benefits, Risks, and Politics. The Oxford Handbook of Capitalism, Vol. 2011 No. December, pp. 161–203. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195391176.013.0007
- Beck, T. and Demirguc-Kunt, A. (2006). Small and medium-size enterprises: Access to finance as a growth constraint. Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 30, pp. 2931–2943. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2006.05.009
- Beck, T., Demirguc-Kunt, A., Laeven, L. and Levine, R. (2008). Finance, Firm Size, and Growth. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, Vol. 40 No. 7, pp. 1379–1405. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4616.2008.00164.x
- Beck, T., Demirguc-Kunt, A., Laeven, L. and Maksimovic, V. (2006). The determinants of financing obstacles. Journal of International Money and Finance, Vol. 25 No. 6, pp. 932–952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2006.07.005
- Beck, T., Demirguc-Kunt, A. and Maksimovic, V. (2005). Financial and Legal Constraints to Growth : Does Firm Size Matter? The Journal of Finance, Vol. 60 No. 1, pp. 137–177. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2005.00727.x
- Beck, T., Levine, R. and Loayza, N. (2000). Finance and the sources of growth. Journal of Financial Economics, King and Levine, Vol. 58, pp. 261–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-405X(00)00072-6
- Berger, A. N. and Udell, G.F. (1998). The Economics of Small Business Finance: The Roles of Private Equity and Debt Markets in the Financial Growth Cycle. Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 1998 No. 15, pp. 613–673. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(98)00038-7
- Berman, A., Cano-Kollmann, M. and Mudambi, R. (2021). Innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystems: fintech in the financial services industry. Review of Managerial Science, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Vol. 16 No. 1, pp. 45–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-020-00435-8
- Block, J. H., Colombo, M. G., Cumming, D. J. and Vismara, S. (2018). New players in entrepreneurial finance and why they are there. Small Business Economics, Vol. 50, pp. 239–250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9826-6
- Block, J. H., Fisch, C. O. and van Praag, M. (2017). The Schumpeterian entrepreneur: a review of the empirical evidence on the antecedents, behaviour and consequences of innovative entrepreneurship. Industry and Innovation, Routledge, Vol. 24 No. 1, pp. 61–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2016.1216397
- Brierley, P. (2001). The Financing of Technology-Based Small Firms: A Review of the Literature. Bank of England and Quarterly Bulletin 41 (1): 64–76.
- Brown, R. and Lee, N. (2014). Funding Issues Confronting High Growth SMEs in the UK, available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/57264/.
- Canto-Cuevas, F. J., Palacín-Sánchez, M. J., di Pietro, F. (2019). Trade credit as a sustainable resource during an SME’s life cycle. Sustainability 11(3), 670. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030670
- Carbó-Valverde, S., Hagendorff, J. and Nieto, M.J. (2013). The Impact of M&AS on bank risk in Spain ( 1986-2007 ). Revista de Estabilidad Financiera, No. 25, pp. 49–61. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3024145
- Cavallo, A., Ghezzi, A., Dell’Era, C. and Pellizzoni, E. (2019). Fostering digital entrepreneurship from startup to scaleup: The role of venture capital funds and angel groups. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, Vol. 145 No. April, pp. 24–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.04.022
- Choi, T.M., Kumar, S., Yue, X. and Chan, H.L. (2022). Disruptive Technologies and Operations Management in the Industry 4.0 Era and Beyond. Production and Operations Management, Vol. 31 No. 1, pp. 9–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/poms.13622
- Coad, A. (2007). Firm Growth: A Survey. Papers on Economics & Evolution, Vol. 10 No. May, pp. 1–73.
- Coad, A., Daunfeldt, S.-O. and Halvarsson, D. (2018). Bursting into life: firm growth and growth persistence by age. Small Business Economics, Vol. 50 No. 1, pp. 55–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-017-9872-8
- Coad, A. and Srhoj, S. (2023). Entrepreneurial Ecosystems and Regional Persistence of High Growth Firms : A ’ Broken Clock ’ Critique. Research Policy, Elsevier B.V., Vol. 52 No. 110991, p. 104762.
- Coleman, S., and A. Robb. (2012). Capital Structure Theory and New Technology Firms: Is There a Match? Management Research Review 35 (2): 106–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2023.104762
- Coluzzi, C., Ferrando, A. and Martinez-Carrascal, C. (2009). Financing Obstacles and Growth: An Analysis for Euro Area Non-Financial Corporations, available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1333026http://ssrn.com/abstract=1333026 (accessed 18 January 2019). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1333026
- Coluzzi, C., Ferrando, A. and Martinez-Carrascal, C. (2015). Financing obstacles and growth: an analysis for euro area non-financial firms. The European Journal of Finance, Vol. 21, pp. 773–790. https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847X.2012.664154
- Cumming, D., Deloof, M., Manigart, S. and Wright, M. (2019). New directions in entrepreneurial finance. Journal of Banking and Finance, Vol. 100, pp. 252–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2019.02.008
- de Carvalho, P.G., Nunes, P.M. and Serrasqueiro, Z. (2013). Growth determinants of small-and medium-sized fitness enterprises: empirical evidence from Portugal. European Sport Management Quarterly, Vol. 13 No. 4, pp. 428–449. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2013.810296
- Demirguc-Kunt, A. and Maksimovic, V. (1998). Law, finance, and firm growth. Journal of Finance, Vol. 53 No. 6, pp. 2107–2137. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00084
- Doetzer, M. and Pflaum, A. (2021). The role of digitalized information sharing for flexibility capability utilization: lessons from Germany and Japan. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, Vol. 51 No. 2, pp. 181–203. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-01-2020-0030
- ElReferente. (2024). Informe Empresas Tech e Innovadoras. España 2024.
- Esho, E. and Verhoef, G. (2018). The Funding Gap and the Financing of Small and Medium Businesses: An Integrated Literature Review and an Agenda.
- Federico, J. and Capelleras, J. L. (2014). The heterogeneous dynamics between growth and profits: the case of young firms. Small Business Economics, Vol. 44 No. 2, pp. 231–253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-014-9598-9
- Federico, J., Rabetino, R. and Kantis, H. (2012). Comparing young SMEs’ growth determinants across regions. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 19 No. 4, pp. 575–588. https://doi.org/10.1108/14626001211277406
- Fernández de Guevara, J. and Maudos, J. (2009). Regional Financial Development and Bank Competition: Effects on Firms’ Growth. Regional Studies, Vol. 43 No. 2, pp. 211–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343400701808907
- Financiamiento De Pymes Y Emprendedores 2018: Un Marcador de La OCDE. (2018). Organización Para La Cooperación y El Desarrollo Económicos, OCDE., Vol. 1, available at: https://www.oecd.org/cfe/smes/SPA-Highlights-Financing-SMEs-and-Entrepreneurs-2018.pdf%0Awww.oecd.org/cfe/sme.
- Frank, A. G., Dalenogare, L. S. & Ayala, N. F. (2019). Industry 4.0 technologies: implementation patterns in manufacturing companies. International Journal of Production Economics, 210, 15-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.01.004
- Fraser, S., Bhaumik, S. K. and Wright, M. (2015). What do we know about entrepreneurial finance and its relationship with growth?. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, Vol. 33 No. 1, pp. 70–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242614547827
- Frimanslund, T., Kwiatkowski, G. and Oklevik, O. (2023). The role of finance in the literature of entrepreneurial ecosystems. European Planning Studies, Vol. 31 No. 2, pp. 372–391. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2022.2055962
- Garcia-Buendia, N., Moyano-Fuentes, J., Maqueira-Marín, J. M., Romano, P. and Molinaro, M. (2023). Strategic supplier performance in a competitive landscape: Enhancing organizational performance through lean supply chain management. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/23409444231210566.
- Geroski, P. A., Lazarova, S., Urga, G. and Walters D, C. F. (2003). Are differences in firm size transitory or permanent? Journal of Applied Econometrics, Vol. 18, pp. 47–59. https://doi.org/10.1002/jae.676
- Ghosh, S. and Nanda, R. (2010). Venture Capital Investment in the Clean Energy Sector, Harvard Business School Working Paper 11-020, available at: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1669445.
- Gomes, S., Ferreira, J., Lopes, J. M. and Farinha, L. (2022). The Impacts of the Entrepreneurial Conditions on Economic Growth: Evidence from OECD Countries. Economies, Vol. 10 No. 7, p. 163. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies10070163
- Gompers, P. (1999). Resource Allocation, Incentives and Control: The Importance of Venture Capital in Financing Entrepreneurial Firms. In Entrepreneurship, SMEs and Macroeconomy, edited by Z. Acs, B. Carlsson, and C. Karlsson, 206–238. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Guiso, L., Sapienza, P. and Zingales, L. (2004). Does local financial development matter? Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 119, pp. 929–969. https://doi.org/10.1162/0033553041502162
- Hellmann, T., Thiele, V. (2015). Friends or foes? The interrelationship between angel and venture capital markets. J. Financ. Econ. 115 (3), 639–653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2014.10.009
- Hogan, T., and E. Hutson. (2005). Information Asymmetry and Capital Structure in SMEs: New Technology-Based Firms in the Irish Software Sector. Journal of Global Finance 15 (3): 369–387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2004.12.001
- Honjo, Y. and Harada, N. (2006). SME policy, financial structure and firm growth: Evidence from Japan. Small Business Economics, Vol. 27 No. 4–5, pp. 289–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-005-6703-0
- Horizonte (2020). El programa de investigación e innovación de la UE. https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/
- Hossain, M., Yoshino, N. and Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. (2021). Optimal branching strategy, local financial development, and SMEs’ performance. Economic Modelling, Elsevier Ltd, Vol. 96, pp. 421–432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2020.03.027
- Informe GEM España 2023-2024. Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. (2024). available at: file:///C:/Users/ASUS/Downloads/Informe-GEM-Espana-2023-2024.pdf.
- Kersten, R., Harms, J., Liket, K. and Maas, K. (2017). Small Firms, large Impact? A systematic review of the SME Finance Literature. World Development, Elsevier Ltd, 1 September. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.04.012
- Lee, C., Lee, K. and Pennings, J.M. (2001). Internal capabilities, external networks, and performance: A study on technology-based ventures. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 22 No. 6–7, pp. 615–640. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.181
- Léon, F. (2020). The provision of long-term credit and firm growth in developing countries. Economic Modelling, Vol. 90, pp. 66–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2020.04.023
- Ley 28/2022 de fomento del ecosistema de las empresas emergentes. Boletín Oficial del Estado, núm. 307 (21 de diciembre de 2022).
- Manso Laso, J., Moya Clemente, I. and Ribes Giner, G. (2024). Análisis bibliométrico de las fuentes alternativas de financiación del emprendimiento. Revista de Estudios Empresariales. Segunda Época, Vol. 2, pp. 1–22. https://doi.org/10.17561/ree.n2.2024.8104
- Mateev, M. and Anastasov, Y. (2010). Determinants of growth in small and medium sized enterprises in central and eastern Europe: A panel data analysis. Financial Theory and Practice, Vol. 34 No. 3, pp. 269–295.
- Mazzucato, M. (2013). The Entreprenurial State, Anthem Press.
- Müller, E., and V. Zimmermann. (2009). The Importance ofEquity Finance for R&DActivity. Small Business Economics 33 (3): 303–318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-008-9098-x
- Nunes, P.M., Gonçalves, M. and Serrasqueiro, Z. (2013). The influence of age on SMEs’ growth determinants: Empirical evidence. Small Business Economics, Vol. 40 No. 2, pp. 249–272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-011-9363-2
- Núñez-Merino, M., Maqueira-Marín, J.M., Moyano-Fuentes, J. and Castaño-Moraga, C.A. (2024). Quantum-inspired computing technology in operations and logistics management. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, Vol. 54 No. 3, pp. 247–274. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-02-2023-0065
- Observatorio Nacional de Tecnología y Sociedad. (2021). Informe anual de PYMEs y emprendimiento. Observatorio Nacional de Tecnología y Sociedad.
- Oliveira-Dias, D., Maqueira-Marín, J. M. and Moyano-Fuentes, J. (2022a). The link between information and digital technologies of industry 4.0 and agile supply chain: Mapping current research and establishing new research avenues. Computers and Industrial Engineering, Vol. 167 No. 108000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2022.108000
- Oliveira-Dias, D., Maqueira Marín, J. M. and Moyano-Fuentes, J. (2022b). Lean and agile supply chain strategies: the role of mature and emerging information technologies. International Journal of Logistics Management, Vol. 33 No. 5, pp. 221–243. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-05-2022-0235
- Oliveira-Dias, D., Moyano-Fuentes, J. and Maqueira-Marín, J.M. (2022c). Understanding the relationships between information technology and lean and agile supply chain strategies: a systematic literature review. Annals of Operations Research, Springer US, Vol. 312 No. 2, pp. 973–1005. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-022-04520-x
- Palacín-Sánchez, M.-J. and Di Pietro, F. (2016). The Role of the Regional Financial Sector in the Capital Structure of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs). Regional Studies, Vol. 50 No. 7, pp. 1232–1247. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2014.1000290
- Rajan, R.G. and Zingales, L. (1998). Financial Dependence and Growth. The American Economic Review, Vol. 88 No. 3, pp. 559–586.
- Rojo, A., Llorens-Montes, J. and Perez-Arostegui, M.N. (2016). The impact of ambidexterity on supply chain flexibility fit. Supply Chain Management, Vol. 21 No. 4, pp. 433–452. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-08-2015-0328
- Saemundsson, R., and A. Dahlstrand. (2005). How Business Opportunities Constrain High Technology-Based Firms from Growing Into Medium-Sized Firms. Small Business Economics 24 (2): 113–129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-003-3803-6
- Sartal, A., Rodríguez, M. and Vázquez, X.H. (2020). From efficiency-driven to low-carbon operations management: Implications for labor productivity. Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 66 No. 3, pp. 310–325. https://doi.org/10.1002/joom.1060
- Serrasqueiro, Z., Leitão, J. and Smallbone, D. (2018). Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SME) growth and financing sources: Before and after the financial crisis. Journal of Management and Organization, pp. 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2018.14
- Serrasqueiro, Z., Nunes, P.M. and da Rocha Armada, M. (2016). Capital structure decisions: old issues, new insights from high-tech small- and medium-sized enterprises. European Journal of Finance, Vol. 22 No. 1, pp. 59–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/1351847X.2014.946068
- Serrasqueiro, Z., Pinto, B. and Sardo, F. (2023). SMEs growth and profitability, productivity and debt relationships. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, available at: https://doi.org/10.1108/jefas-01-2022-0018. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEFAS-01-2022-0018
- Smith, S. (2010). Beg, Borrow, and Deal? Entrepreneurship and Financing in New Firm Innovation. SSRN Working Paper. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1787759
- Teruel, M. and Segarra, A. (2010). Firm Growth and Financial Variables in Spanish Cities: What Is the Role of Location, available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228440510.
- Usero, B. and Villanueva, A. (2024). Ciclo de vida de startups, localización y financiación. Éxitos en el ecosistema emprendedor de Aragón. Economía Industrial, Vol. 432, pp. 65–78.
- Vega-Pascual, M., Di Pietro, F. and Alfalla-Luque, R. (2017). Entrepreneurship, finance entrepreneurs and job creation: Evidence from panel data. Working Papers Operation Management, Vol. 8, pp. 44–65. https://doi.org/10.4995/wpom.v8i2.9011
- Vega-Pascual, M., Di Pietro, F., Palacín-Sánchez, M.-J. and Alfalla-Luque, R. (2024). Linking financial ecosystem and the growth of young SMEs : evidence from Spanish regions. Review of Managerial Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-024-00815-4