Perfil motivacional y de flow disposicional de jugadores cadetes de clubes profesionales de fútbol de andalucía

Abstract

The aim of this study was to establish a psychological profile with respect to motivation and dispositional flow, and the relationship among the variables which make up the profile of the young soccer players, with ages from 14 to 16 years old, belonging to the lower echelons of the different professional Andalucian clubs of the 1st and 2nd division of the Spanish LFP (Professional Soccer League). To achieve this purpose, the work is based on the factors relating to motivation, mainly in The Goals Achievement Theory, the Self-Determination Theory and the nine dimensions of flow proposed by Csikszentmihalyi (1999) when we refer to dispositional flow. A total of 250 young soccer players participated (voluntarily) in our study, belonging to the seven soccer Andalusian clubs to which we had applied the Spanish translated version of Perception Of Success Questionnaire (POSQ), The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) and The Dispositional Flow Scale (DFS), in addition to the questions of Cuestionario de Clima Motivacional en el entrenamiento en Fútbol (CCMF) and the Escala de Percepción de Habilidad adaptada al entrenamiento y la competición (EPH). The results of the cluster analysis showed a predominant profile in those players in whom the dispositional orientation to the task received higher scores than the dispositional ego orientation. For its part, the perception of an ego-involving motivational climate appeared with low scores with respect to the perception of the motivational climate involved in the task. In addition, considering the score range used (from 0-100), this cluster shows high values of flow (above 80), having a decreasing score in the different types of motivation that the SelfDetermination Theory exposes (from the higher level of self-determination to the lower ones) except in introjected regulation, which presents higher scores than the identified regulation, with the highest perceived skill level, a score of 80.52. As for the relationship between the variables of this profile, the results of the structural equation model indicate that the motivational climate involved with the task predicts, in a positive way, the dispositional orientation to the task. The ego-motivational climate predicts the perceived ability and all types of motivation, except amotivation, in which no significant relationship was found. The perceived ability predicts all types of motivation, except amotivation, which predicts a negative form of it. Finally, referring to dispositional flow, the results show that this variable positively predicts dispositional task orientation, intrinsic motivation and the different types of extrinsic motivation, obtaining significant and positive values higher in self-determined types of motivation and predicting, negatively, dispositional ego orientation and amotivation.