Análisis biomecánico del efecto de un aumento del ángulo de salida en el alcance del lanzamiento de peso

Abstract

The movement made by the shot in the air is a parabolic movement which, according to physical laws, depends on release speed, release angle and initial height. Release speed is more important than the other two factors. Optimum release angles of professional throwers are very low. The reason for this is that human body is conditioned to exert more force with low release angles. The objective of this work is to asses if, with an appropriate training, it is possible to condition the athletes to exert more force at bigger release angles, improving considerably the range of the shot put. A research has been carried out with 12 inexperienced throwers. In the pre-test they threw the same medicinal ball 30 times over a range of release angles from 25º to 45º. After a period of four weeks of training, focused on increasing progressively the release angle, a post-test, similar to the initial one, was carried out. All of the throws were filmed and a 2-D video analysis with the best throw of each thrower in both tests was made. There were significant differences in the average values of release speed, release angle and total range between the pre-test and the post-test. The significant differences in the average release angle with which the throwers obtained their best range show that the period of training made the throwers develop more force at bigger release angles.