Efectos en el rendimiento físico a corto plazo de dos programas de entrenamiento neuromuscular con diferente orientación aplicados en jugadores de fútbol de élite U-17

  1. Raya-González, Javier 1
  2. Suárez-Arrones, Luis 2
  3. Moreno-Puentedura, Manuel 3
  4. Ruiz-Márquez, Jesús 3
  5. Sáez de Villarreal, Eduardo 2
  1. 1 Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla Córdoba C.F., Departamento de Preparación Física
  2. 2 Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla
  3. 3 Córdoba C.F., Departamento de Preparación Física
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Revista:
RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte

ISSN: 1885-3137

Año de publicación: 2017

Título del ejemplar: Abril

Volumen: 13

Número: 48

Páginas: 88-103

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5232/RICYDE2017.04801 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte

Resumen

El objetivo de este trabajo fue comparar el efecto de dos programas de entrenamiento neuromuscular (orientación vertical vs horizontal), realizados durante 6 semanas, sobre el rendimiento físico en jugadores de fútbol. Dieciséis futbolistas de 16,6 ± 0,3 años fueron asignados de manera aleatoria en dos grupos experimentales que complementaron su entrenamiento habitual de fútbol con un programa de entrenamiento neuromuscular dos días a la semana. El entrenamiento del grupo vertical (n=8, GV) consistió en los ejercicios ½ sentadilla y squat lateral realizados en un dispositivo inercial, y salto vertical al cajón, y el entrenamiento del grupo horizontal (n=8, GH) estuvo basado en ejercicios resistidos de sprint lineal y con cambio de dirección (COD). Antes y después del periodo de intervención se midió la altura de salto vertical, el tiempo de sprint lineal y COD y la potencia del tren inferior. Se obtuvieron mejoras sustanciales (probables a muy probables) en GV en salto con contramovimiento (CMJ) [TE: 0,49, VC: Probable (93/7/0%)], test de Abalakov (ABK) [TE: 0,38, VC: Probable (83/16/1%)] y velocidad media propulsiva (VMP) en todas las cargas utilizadas, además de empeorar el tiempo de sprint lineal y COD hacia la izquierda (COD-I). El GH mejoró sustancialmente el tiempo de sprint 10m [TE = 0,63, VC: Muy Probable (98/2/0%)], COD hacia la derecha (COD-D) [TE = 0,36, VC: Probable (76/23/1%)], COD-I [TE = 0,34, VC: Probable (80/19/1%)], y VMP con 15-30-50kg, además de una posible mejora en el tiempo de sprint en 20 y 30m. El análisis inter-grupos mostró mejoras sustanciales mayores en GV en CMJ [TE = 0,39, VC: Muy Probable (76/22/0%)], y en GH en tiempo de sprint en 10-20-30m y COD hacia la derecha (COD-D). Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que el entrenamiento del GH es más efectivo en la optimización de la condición física específica del futbolista.

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