Importancia de la nutrición en las estrategias de pérdida de peso en deportes de combate

  1. Mata-Ordoñez, F. 1
  2. Sanchez-Oliver, A. 3
  3. Domínguez-Herrera, R. 2
  1. 1 Nutriscience Spain
  2. 2 Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio
    info

    Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio

    Villanueva de la Cañada, España

    ROR https://ror.org/054ewwr15

  3. 3 Universidad Pablo de Olavide
    info

    Universidad Pablo de Olavide

    Sevilla, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02z749649

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Revista:
Journal of sport and health research

ISSN: 1989-6239

Año de publicación: 2018

Volumen: 10

Número: 1

Páginas: 1-12

Tipo: Artículo

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Otras publicaciones en: Journal of sport and health research

Resumen

El objetivo del presente trabajo de revisión bibliográfica ha sido establecer los objetivos nutricionales y las estrategias dietéticas que pueden optimizar el rendimiento en deportes de combate. Estos incluyen una amplia variedad de disciplinas en los que se requiere lograr una composición corporal óptima, así como desarrollar la capacidad de fuerza y potencia muscular, flexibilidad y un desarrollo de la capacidad anaeróbica y la potencia aeróbica. Por todo esto, alimentación, hidratación y nutrición juegan un papel importante en el desarrollo de los mismos. La selección de artículos se realizó mediante las palabras clave martial arts y wrestling en combinación con los términos rapid weight loss, weight cutting, weigh-in, weight-loss, nutrition, hydration, sport nutrition, supplement, y ergogenic aids en las bases de datos Elsevier, Medline, Pubmed y Web of Knowledge. Con el objetivo de conseguir una composición corporal óptima, los programas de pérdida de peso en deportistas de combate deberían realizarse en base a un programa progresivo en el que se busque reducir el componente graso (evitando métodos de pérdida de peso rápido). Estos deportistas deben cubrir una ingesta de 2 g·kg·día-1 de proteína y de hasta 8-10 g·kg·día-1 en hidratos de carbono, situándose la ingesta de lípidos en un 20-25% de la ingesta energética. Además, el deportista puede optimizar su rendimiento si realiza un plan de hidratación previo, durante y después del esfuerzo. Proporcionar una adecuada alimentación que ayude a controlar los factores limitantes del rendimiento, que facilite una buena recuperación tras los entrenamientos y competiciones, y que ayude a crear unas mejores adaptaciones fisiológicas en pro del rendimiento del deportista de combate se presta de vital importancia

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Con el fin de garantizar una igualdad física y promover competiciones más justas, los deportes de combaten se dividen en función del peso corporal en distintas categorías. Esto lleva a que los deportistas, con el objetivo de competir con oponentes de un menor tamaño, recurran frecuentemente a métodos para disminuir su masa corporal previo a la competición (Artioli, Saunders, Iglesias, y Franchini, 2016), con el objeto de aumentar el potencial de éxito en el combate (Kordi, Ziaee, Rostami, y Wallace, 2011). Actualmente, se pone en juicio la legalidad del método, queriendo algunos autores que sea catalogado como doping (Artioli, Saunders, Iglesias, y Franchini, 2016), al cumplir todos los criterios para ser incluido en la lista de la Agencia Mundial Antidopaje (AMA, en adelante) como un método prohibido (Artioli, Saunders, Iglesias, y Franchini, 2016).

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