La variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca en el control del entrenamiento en un corredor de Ironmanestudio de caso

  1. Claudio Nieto-Jimenez 1
  2. José Ruso-Álvarez 2
  3. Elena Pardos-Mainer 3
  4. Jose Naranjo Orellana 2
  1. 1 Universidad del Desarrollo (Chile)
  2. 2 Universidad Pablo de Olavide
    info

    Universidad Pablo de Olavide

    Sevilla, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02z749649

  3. 3 Universidad San Jorge
    info

    Universidad San Jorge

    Zaragoza, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01wbg2c90

Show affiliations +
Journal:
Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación

ISSN: 1579-1726,  1988-2041

Year of publication: 2020

Issue: 37

Pages: 339-343

Type: Article

DOI: 10.47197/RETOS.V37I37.73873 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

More publications in: Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación

Abstract

The objective of this article is to provide information on the relationship between external (TL) and internal training load (ITL) from the tracking of an athlete during seven months of preparation for an Ironman competition (3.8 km of swimming, 180 km of cycling, and 42,195 km of running), using a training methodology with daily records of the heart rate variability (HRV). As a variable to assess parasympathetic activity, the square root of the mean of the differences in the sum of the squares between adjacent RR intervals (RMSSD) was calculated, together with the stress score (SS) as an indicator of sympathetic activity. In months two, three and four, there was a moderate increase in SS (d = 1.17) parallel to a moderate decrease in RMSSD (d = -1.04). In months five, six, and seven, a small decrease in SS (d = -0.23) and a moderate increase in RMSSD (d = 1.08) were observed. As a conclusion, the five-minute HRV measurements upon awakening appear to be a useful tool to monitor the state of parasympathetic equilibrium in a triathlete before approaching training sessions. The analysis of this monitoring would serve to detect possible fatigue states in the early stages and to modify, if necessary, the training load planning in preparation for an Ironman competition.

Bibliographic References

  • Bourdon, P. C., Cardinale, M., Murray, A., Gastin, P., Kellmann, M., Varley, M. C., … Cable, N. T. (2017). Monitoring Athlete Training Loads : Consensus Statement. International Journal of Physiology and Performance, 12(S2), 161–170. https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSPP.2017-0208
  • Buchheit, M., Racinais, S., Bilsborough, J. C., Bourdon, P. C., Voss, S. C., Hocking, J., … Coutts, A. J. (2013). Monitoring fitness, fatigue and running performance during a pre-season training camp in elite football players. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 16(6), 550–555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2012.12.003.
  • Buchheit, M. (2014). Monitoring training status with HR measures: do all roads lead to Rome?. Frontiers in physiology, 5, 73.
  • Corrales, M. M., de la Cruz Torres, B., Garrido Esquivel, A., Garrido Salazar, M. A., & Naranjo Orellana, J. (2012). Normal values of heart rate variability at rest in a young, healthy and active Mexican population. Health, 4(7), 377–385. https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2012.47060
  • Revelles, A. B. F. (2017). Correlación en triatlón masculino entre fases y resultado final en los JJOO de Sídney 2000. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación, (32), 167-171.
  • Flatt, A. A., Esco, M. R., & Nakamura, F. Y. (2017). Individual heart rate variability responses to preseason training in high level female soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(2), 531–538. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001482
  • Flatt, A. A., Esco, M. R., Nakamura, F. Y., & Plews, D. J. (2017). Interpreting daily heart rate variability changes in collegiate female soccer players. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 57(6), 907–915. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.16.06322-2
  • Giles, D., Draper, N., & Neil, W. (2015). Validity of the Polar V800 heart rate monitor to measure RR intervals at rest. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 116(3), 563–571. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-015-3303-9
  • Halson, S. L. (2014). Monitoring Training Load to Understand Fatigue in Athletes. Sports Medicine, 44, 139–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0253-z
  • Hellemans J. Triathlon: a complete guide for training and racing. Auckland: Reed; 1993
  • Hopkins, W. G., Marshall, S. W., Batterham, A. M., & Hanin, J. (2009). Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 41(1), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e31818cb278
  • Le Meur, Y., Pichon, A., Schaal, K., Schmitt, L., Louis, J., Gueneron, J., … Hausswirth, C. (2013). Evidence of parasympathetic hyperactivity in functionally overreached athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 45(11), 2061–2071. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3182980125
  • McLaren, S. J., Macpherson, T. W., Coutts, A. J., Hurst, C., Spears, I. R., & Weston, M. (2018). The Relationships Between Internal and External Measures of Training Load and Intensity in Team Sports: A Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine, 48(3), 641–658. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0830-z
  • Michael, S., Jay, O., Halaki, M., Graham, K., & Davis, G. M. (2016). Submaximal exercise intensity modulates acute post-exercise heart rate variability. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 116(4), 697–706. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3327-9
  • Molina, V. D., Martínez, E. D., Lozano, A. B. P., Peinado, P. J. B., Montero, F. J. C., & Molinuevo, J. S. (2010). Control biológico del sobreentrenamiento en un mesociclo precompetitivo en triatletas de élite: un estudio piloto. Archivos de medicina del deporte: (135), 31-40.
  • Morton, R. H., Fitz-Clarke, J. R., & Banister, E. W. (1990). Modeling human performance in running. Journal of Applied Physiology, 69(3), 1171–1177.
  • Nakamura, F. Y., Pereira, L. A., Rabelo, F. N., Flatt, A. A., Esco, M. R., Bertollo, M., & Loturco, I. (2016). Monitoring weekly heart rate variability in futsal players during the preseason: the importance of maintaining high vagal activity. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(24), 2262–2268. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1186282
  • Naranjo, J., De la Cruz, B., Sarabia, E., De Hoyo, M., & Dominguez-Cobo, S. (2015). Heart Rate Variability : a Follow-up in Elite Soccer Players Throughout the Season. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 36, 881–886. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1550047
  • Naranjo Orellana, J., De la Cruz Torres, B., Sarabia Cachadiña, E., De Hoyo, M., & Dominguez Cobo, S. (2015). Two New Indexes for the Assessment of Autonomic Balance in Elite Soccer Players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10, 452–457. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0235
  • Corrales, M. M., de la Cruz Torres, B., Esquivel, A. G., Salazar, M. A. G., & Orellana, J. N. (2012). Normal values of heart rate variability at rest in a young, healthy and active Mexican population. Health, 4(7), 720-726.
  • Nieto-Jiménez, C., Pardos-Mainer, E., Ruso-Álvarez, J. F., & Naranjo-Orellana, J. (In press). Training Load and HRV in a Female Athlete: A Case Study. Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de La Actividad Física y El Deporte. Recuperado de http://cdeporte.rediris.es/revista/inpress/artcarga1143e.pdf
  • Plews, D. J., Laursen, P. B., Kilding, A. E., & Buchheit, M. (2012). Heart rate variability in elite triathletes, is variation in variability the key to effective training? A case comparison. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(11), 3729–3741. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-012-2354-4
  • Plews, D. J., Laursen, P. B., Stanley, J., Kilding, A. E., & Buchheit, M. (2013). Training adaptation and heart rate variability in elite endurance athletes: Opening the door to effective monitoring. Sports Medicine, 43(9), 773–781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0071-8
  • Pyne, D. B., & Martin, D. T. (2011). Fatigue - insights from individual and team sports. In F. E. Marino (Ed.), Regulation of Fatigue in Exercise (pp. 177–186). New York: Nova Publishers.
  • Ravé, G., & Fortrat, J. O. (2016). Heart rate variability in the standing position reflects training adaptation in professional soccer players. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 116(8), 1575–1582. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-016-3416-9
  • Sarabia Cachadiña, E., Cruz Torres, B., & Naranjo Orellana, J. (2012). Estudio comparativo de los perfiles semanales de creatin kinasa, urea y variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca en remeros de élite españoles. Archivos de Medicina Del Deporte, XXIX(152), 952–958.
  • Sleamaker R, Browning R. Serious training for endurance athletes. 2nd ed. Champaign, IL.: Human Kinetics; 1996.
  • Task Force of The European Society of Cardiology and The North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. (1996). Heart rate variability. Standards of measurement, physiological interpretation, and clinical use. European Heart Journal, 17, 354–381. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.93.5.1043
  • Thorpe, R. T., Strudwick, A. J., Buchheit, M., Atkinson, G., Drust, B., & Gregson, W. (2015). Monitoring Fatigue During the In-Season Competitive Phase in Elite Soccer Players. International Journal of Sports and Performance, 10, 958–964. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2015-0004
  • Tulppo, M. P., Makikallio, T. H., Takala, T. E. S., Seppanen, T., & Huikuri, H. V. (1996). Quantitative beat-to-beat analysis of heart rate dynamics during exercise. American Journal of Physiology, 271, H244–H252. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1996.271.1.H244
  • WMA Declaration of Helsinki – Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects – WMA – The World Medical Association. (2018). Recuperado de https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/
Data source: Dialnet