La carga mental deteriora la precisión del pase en jugadores de fútbol

  1. Francisco Alarcón 1
  2. Alberto Castillo-Díaz 2
  3. Iker Madinabeitia 3
  4. Alfonso Castillo-Rodríguez 3
  5. David Cárdenas 3
  1. 1 Universidad de Alicante, Spain
  2. 2 Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia, Spain
  3. 3 Universidad de Granada, Spain
Show affiliations +
Journal:
Revista de psicología del deporte

ISSN: 1132-239X,  1988-5636

Year of publication: 2018

Volume: 27

Issue: 2

Pages: 155-164

Type: Article

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen access editor

More publications in: Revista de psicología del deporte

Abstract

During the competition, soccer players must make both physical and mental eorts simultaneously. €is dual-task situation impairs performance in skills that require precision only in those athletes who do not have automated those skills. However, there has been little control over the nature and magnitude of the mental load that athletes experience during play actions, and to what extent such a load is detrimental to athletic performance. In order to advance this knowledge, a counter-balanced intrasubject study was designed with repeated post-condition measures on two conditions, a specic physical and coordinating task of soccer, and a dual-task in which the main task was maintained and in which the secondary had cognitive control requirements. Twenty-eight male semi-professional players participated [middle age = 20.07 years (± 0.23)]. €e presence of physical charge simultaneous to the mental load had a negative eect on accuracy. In turn, the emotional states aroused in the double task predicted performance in the motor task. Forcing the player to have to use their attentional resources in the mental task seems not to allow an adequate use of the available information necessary for an eƒcient adjustment of the action.

€ View funding

Funding information

Este estudio ha sido financiado por el proyecto DEP2017-8987-R, del programa de Investigación, Desarrollo e innovación Orientada a los retos de la Sociedad, del Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad del Reino de España, atribuidos al primer, tercer, cuarto y quinto autor.

Funders

Bibliographic References

  • Behan, M. y Wilson, M. (2008). State anxiety and visual attention: €e role of the quiet eye period in aiming to a far target. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(2), 207-215. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410701446919
  • Beilock, S. L. y Carr, T. H. (2001). On the fragility of skilled performance: What governs choking under pressure? Journal of experimental psychology: General, 130(4), 701. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.130.4.701
  • Beilock, S. L., Bertenthal, B. I., McCoy, A. M. y Carr, T. H. (2004). Haste does not always make waste: Expertise, direction of attention, and speed versus accuracy in performing sensorimotor skills. Psychonomic bulletin & review, 11(2), 373-379. https://doi. org/10.3758/BF03196585
  • Beilock, S. L., Carr, T. H., MacMahon, C. y Starkes, J. L. (2002). When paying attention becomes counterproductive: impact of divided versus skill-focused attention on novice and experienced performance of sensorimotor skills. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 8, 6–16. http://doi.org/10.1037/1076-898X.8.1.6
  • Best, J. R. y Miller, P. H. (2010). A developmental perspective on executive function. Child development, 81(6), 1641-1660. https://doi. org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01499.x
  • Bradley, M. M. y Lang, P. J. (1994). Measuring emotion: the self-assessment manikin and the semantic dierential. Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry, 25(1), 49-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7916(94)90063-9
  • Cárdenas, D., Conde-González, J. y Perales, J. C. (2015). El papel de la carga mental en la planicación del entrenamiento deportivo. Revista de Psicología Del Deporte, 24(1), 91–100.
  • Cárdenas, D., Conde-González, J. y Perales, J. C. (2017). La fatiga como estado motivacional subjetivo. Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte, 10(1), 31-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ramd.2016.04.001
  • Castaneda, B. y Gray, R. (2007). Eects of focus of attention on baseball batting performance in players of diering skill levels. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 29(1), 60-77. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.29.1.60
  • Causse, M., Chua, Z., Peysakhovich, V., Campo, N. y Matton, N. (2017). Mental workload and neural eƒciency quantied in the prefrontal cortex using fNIRS. Scienti$c reports, 7(1), 5222. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05378-x
  • Cerin, E., Szabo, A., Hunt, N. y Williams, C. (2000). Temporal patterning of competitive emotions: A critical review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 18(8), 605-626. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410050082314
  • Diekfuss, J. A., Ward, P. y Raisbeck, L. D. (2017). Attention, workload, and performance: A dual-task simulated shooting study. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 15(4), 423-437. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2015.1121508
  • Gabbett, T. J., Wake, M. y Abernethy, B. (2011). Use of dual-task methodology for skill assessment and development: examples from rugby league. Journal of Sports Science, 29, 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.514280
  • Gentile, A. M. (1998). Movement science: Implicit and explicit processes during acquisition of functional skills. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational %erapy, 5(1), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.3109/11038129809035723
  • Guillén-Riquelme, A. y Buela-Casal, G. (2011). Actualización psicométrica y funcionamiento diferencial de los ítems en el State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Psicothema, 23(3), 510-515.
  • Hart, S. G. y Staveland, L. E. (1988). Development of NASA-TLX (Task Load Index): Results of empirical and theoretical research. Advances in Psychology, 52, 139-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4115(08)62386-9
  • Head, J., Tenan, M. S., Tweedell, A. J., LaFiandra, M. E., Morelli, F., Wilson, K. M. y Helton, W. S. (2017). Prior mental fatigue impairs marksmanship decision performance. Frontiers in physiology, 8(680), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00680
  • Jackson, R. C., Ashford, K. J. y Norsworthy, G. (2006). Attentional focus, dispositional reinvestment, and skilled motor performance under pressure. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 28(1), 49-68. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.28.1.49
  • Koedijker, J. M., Oudejans, R. R. D. y Beek, P. J. (2008). Table tennis performance following explicit and analogy learning over 10,000 repetitions. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 39, 237-256.
  • Koedijker, J. M., Poolton, J. M., Maxwell, J. P., Oudejans, R. R., Beek, P. J. y Masters, R. S. (2011). Attention and time constraints in perceptual-motor learning and performance: Instruction, analogy, and skill level. Consciousness and Cognition, 20(2), 245-256. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2010.08.002
  • Laborde, S., Furley, P. y Schempp, C. (2015). €e relationship between working memory, reinvestment, and heart rate variability. Physiology & Behavior, 139, 430-436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.11.036
  • Maes, P. J., Wanderley, M. M. y Palmer, C. (2015). €e role of working memory in the temporal control of discrete and continuous movements. Experimental Brain Research, 233(1), 263–273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-014-4108-5
  • Martinent, G., Ferrand, C., Guillet, E. y Gautheur, S. (2010). Validation of the French version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 Revised (CSAI-2R) including frequency and direction scales. Psychology of Sport and exercise, 11(1), 51-57. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.05.001
  • Masaki, H., Maruo, Y., Meyer, A. y Hajcak, G. (2017). Neural Correlates of Choking Under Pressure: Athletes High in Sports Anxiety Monitor Errors More When Performance Is Being Evaluated. Developmental neuropsychology, 42(2), 104-112. https://doi.org/10.1 080/87565641.2016.1274314
  • Mosley, E., Laborde, S. y Kavanagh, E. (2017). €e contribution of coping related variables and cardiac vagal activity on the performance of a dart throwing task under pressure. Physiology & behavior, 179, 116-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.05.030
  • Mullen, R., Hardy, L. y Oldham, A. (2007). Implicit and explicit control of motor actions: revisiting some early evidence. British Journal of Psychology, 98(1), 141-156. https://doi.org/10.1348/000712606X114336
  • Neumann, O. (1984). Automatic processing: A review of recent ndings and a plea for an old theory. In W. Prinz y A. F. Sanders (eds.), Cognition and motor processes (pp. 255-293). Berlin: Springer Verlag.
  • Nibbeling, H. A. M., Daanen, R. M., Gerritsma, R. M. y Ho'and, R. R. D. (2012). Oudejans. Eects of anxiety on running with and without an aiming task. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(1), 11-19. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.617386
  • Oberauer, K. (2018). On the automaticity of familiarity in short-term recognition: a test of the dual-process assumption with the PRP Paradigm. Journal of Cognition, 1(1), 1-19. http://doi.org/10.5334/joc.21
  • Oppenheimer, D. M., Meyvis, T. y Davidenko, N. (2009). Instructional manipulation checks: Detecting satiscing to increase statistical power. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45(4), 867-872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2009.03.009
  • Owen, A. M., McMillan, K. M., Laird, A. R. y Bullmore, E. (2005). N-Back Working Memory Paradigm: A Meta-Analysis of Normative Functional Neuroimaging Studies. Human Brain Mapping, 25(1), 46-59. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.20131
  • Schaefer, S. (2014). €e ecological approach to cognitive-motor dual-tasking: ndings on the eects of expertise and age. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1167. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01167
  • Sevrez, V. y Bourdin, C. (2015). On the role of proprioception in making free throws in basketball. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 86(3), 274-280. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2015.1012578
  • Shuggi, I. M., Oh, H., Shewokis, P. A. y Gentili, R. J. (2017). Mental workload and motor performance dynamics during practice of reaching movements under various levels of task diƒculty. Neuroscience, 360, 166-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.07.048
  • Spielberger, C. D., Gorsuch, R. L. y Lushene, R. (1982). Manual del cuestionario de ansiedad estado/rasgo (STAI). Madrid: TEA Ediciones.
  • Styles, E. A. (2010). Psicología de la atención. Madrid: Editorial Universitaria Ramón Areces.
  • Tirapu-Ustárroz, J. y Muñoz-Céspedes, J. M. (2005). Memoria y Funciones Ejecutivas. Revista de Neurología, 41(8), 475–84.
  • Williams, A. M., Vickers, J. y Rodrigues, S. (2002). €e eects of anxiety on visual search, movement kinematics, and performance in table tennis: A test of Eysenck and Calvo’s processing eƒciency theory. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 24(4), 438-455. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.24.4.438
Data source: Dialnet