Interpreters and interpreting in conflict zones and scenariosA historical perspective

  1. Lucía Ruiz Rosendo 1
  2. María Clementina Persaud 2
  1. 1 Université de Genève
    info

    Université de Genève

    Ginebra, Suiza

    ROR https://ror.org/01swzsf04

  2. 2 Universidad Pablo de Olavide
    info

    Universidad Pablo de Olavide

    Sevilla, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02z749649

Aldizkaria:
Linguistica Antverpiensia

ISSN: 2295-5739

Argitalpen urtea: 2016

Zenbakia: 15

Orrialdeak: 1-35

Mota: Artikulua

DOI: 10.52034/LANSTTS.V0I15.428 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openSarbide irekia editor

Beste argitalpen batzuk: Linguistica Antverpiensia

Laburpena

This article presents an overview of interpreting in conflict zones and scenarios in different periods of history as represented in the papers included in the special issue. Conflict between parties with different cultural and linguistic backgrounds is pervasive in human history and has always involved interpreters in the sense of intercultural and linguistic mediators. Although interpreting became highly professionalized from the second half of the twentieth century, language brokering in conflict zones is still an unregulated occupation mainly pursued by untrained interpreters. Furthermore, there is a lack of recognition of the specific role that interpreters in conflict situations play. In spite of an increasing awareness of the role of interpreters in conflict zones and an expanding scholarly literature on the subject, we believe that more studies adopting a historical standpoint are needed. The aim of this special volume is to shed light on the characteristics, ideology, status, neutrality, occupation, role in the different stages of the conflict, training issues, and working practices and procedures of interpreters in conflict zones.

Erreferentzia bibliografikoak

  • -ALLEN, K. (2012). Interpreting in conflict zones. Retrieved from http://najit.org/blog/?p=229.
  • -ANDRES, D. (2012). History of interpreting. In C. A. Chapelle (Ed.), The encyclopaedia of applied linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • -APTER, E. (2010). Philosophical translation and untranslatability: Translation as critical pedagogy. Profession, 14, 50–63. doi:10.1632/prof.2010.2010.1.50.
  • -AUSEJO, E. (2004). La cuestión de la obra científico-matemática de Ramón Llull. In Actas del VIII Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Historia de las Ciencias y de las Técnicas (pp. 21–34). Logroño: Servicio de publicaciones de la Universidad de La Rioja.
  • -BAIGORRI JALON, J. (2011). Wars, languages and the role(s) of interpreters. In H. Awaiss & J. Hardane (Eds.), Les liaisons dangereuses: Langues, traduction, interprétation (pp. 173–204). Beirut: Sources-Cibles.
  • -BAIGORRI JALON, J. (2014a). From Paris to Nuremberg: The birth of conference interpreting. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • -BAIGORRI JALON, J. (2014b). Two centuries of diplomatic interpreting: From top hat to short sleeves diplomacy. United Nations Chronicle, 51(3), 44–47. doi:10.18356/b4a26fd6-en.
  • -BAIGORRI JALON, J.. (2015). The history of the interpreting profession. In H. Mikkelson & R. Jourdenais (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of interpreting (pp. 11–28). London: Routledge.
  • -BAKER, C. (2010a). It’s not their job to soldier: Distinguishing civilian and military in soldiers’ and interpreters’ accounts of peacekeeping in 1990s Bosnia-Herzegovina. Journal of War and Culture Studies, 3, 137–150. doi:10.1386/jwcs.3.1.137_1.
  • -BAKER, C (2010b). The care and feeding of linguists: The working environment of interpreters, translators, and linguists during peacekeeping in Bosnia-Herzegovina. War & Society, 29(2), 154–175. doi:10.1179/204243410X12674422128993.
  • -BAKER, M (2006). Translation and conflict. London: Routledge.
  • -BAKER, M. (2010). Interpreters and translators in the war zone. Narrated and narrators. The Translator, 16(2), 197–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13556509.2010.10799469.
  • -BELLOS, D. (2011). Is that a fish in your ear?: Translation and the meaning of everything. New York: Faber and Faber.
  • -BERCOVICH, J. (Ed.). (1996). Resolving international conflicts: The theory and practice of mediation. Boulder: Lynne Reinner.
  • -BIDDLE, F. (1947). The Nuremberg Trial. American Philosophical Society Proceedings, 91(3), 294.
  • -BISCHOFF, B. (1961). The study of foreign languages in the Middle Ages. Speculum, 36, 209–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2847789.
  • -BLUMENTHAL, H., & KAHANE, R. (1979). Decline and survival of western prestige languages. Language, 55(1), 183–198.
  • -BOS, G., & SOETERS, J. (2006). Interpreters at work: Experiences from Dutch and Belgian peace operations. International Peacekeeping, 13(2), 261–268. doi:10.1080/13533310500437662.
  • -BOWEN, D., & BOWEN, M. (1990). Editors remarks. In D. Bowen & M. Bowen (Eds.), Interpreting—Yesterday, today, and tomorrow. (p. 1). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • -BRAHM, E. (2003). Conflict stages: Website beyond intractability. Retrieved from http://www.beyondintractability.org/essay/conflict-stages.
  • -BRAND, C. M. (1968). Byzantium confronts the West 1180–1204. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • -BRITTEN. P. A. (2000). 1812—Napoleon's invasion of Russia. London: Greenhill Books.
  • -CACERES WURSIG, I. (2012). The jeunes de langues in the eighteenth century: Spain’s first diplomatic interpreters on the European model. Interpreting, 14, 127–144. doi:10.1075/intp.14.2.01cac.
  • -CAMPBELL, B. (2001). Diplomacy in the Roman world (c. 500 BC–AD 235). Diplomacy & Statecraft, 12(1), 1–22. doi:10.1080/09592290108406185.
  • -CAULAINCOURT, A.L. (2011). Memoirs of General Caulaincourt. The Russian campaign. Sevenoaks: Pickle Partners.
  • -CHILD, J. (2010). Introduction to Spanish translation. Lanham, MD: University Press of America.
  • -CHROBAK, M. (2013). For a tin ingot: The archaeology of oral interpretation. Przekładaniec, Special Issue, 87–101. doi:10.4467/16891864ePC.13.039.1456.
  • -CLAUSEWITZ, C. von. (1832/1918). On war (Vol I). Retrieved from http://www.gutenberg.org/files/1946/1946-h/1946-h.htm.
  • -COLIER, C.A. (2010, September–October). Now that we’re leaving Iraq, what did we learn? Military Review, 90(5), 88–93.
  • -DE LA CUESTA, L.A. (1992). Intérpretes y traductores en el descubrimiento y conquista del nuevo mundo. Livius, 1, 25–34. Retrieved from http://www.histal.ca/es.
  • -DELISLE, J., & WOODSWORTH, J. (2012). Translators through history. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • -DIENER, B. (1938). Imperial Byzantium. Boston, MA: Little Brown.
  • -DRAGOVIC-DROUET, M. (2007). The practice of translation and interpreting during the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia (1991–1999). In M. Salama-Carr (Ed.), Translating and interpreting conflict (pp. 29–40). Amsterdam: Rodopi.
  • -FOOTITT, H., & KELLY, M. (Eds.). (2012). Languages at war. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • -FOZ, C. (1998). Le traducteur, l’Eglise et le Roi: Espagne, XIIe et XIIIe siècle. Ottawa, ON: University of Ottawa Press.
  • -GAIBA, F. (1998). History of interpreting: Interpretation at the Nuremberg Trial. Ottawa, ON: University of Ottawa Press.
  • -GALAN ALLUE, J.M. (1995). Aspectos de la diplomacia del Antiguo Egipto. Hasta CA. 1320 A.C. Sefarad: Revista de Estudios Hebraicos, Sefardíes y de Oriente Próximo, 55, 105–126. Retrieved from http://digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/19177/1/2009 1119101339972.pdf.
  • -GALAN ALLUE, J.M. (2011). Intérpretes y traducciones en el Egipto imperial. Sémata: Ciencias Sociais e Humanidades, 23, 295–313. doi:10.15304/s.23.175.
  • -GEHMAN, H.S. (1914). The interpreters of foreign languages among the Ancients: Study based on Greek and Latin sources (Doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania). Retrieved from https://ia601403.us.archive.org/13/items/interpretersfor01gehmgoog/interpretersfor01gehmgoog.pdf.
  • -GOUADEC, D. (2007). Translation as a profession. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • -GULLIVER, P. H. (1979). Disputes and negotiations: A cross-cultural perspective. New York, NY Academic Press III.
  • -HAGEDORN, N. L. (1988). A friend to go between them: The interpreter as cultural broker during Anglo-Iroquois Councils, 1740–70. Ethnohistory, 35(1), 60–80. doi:10.2307/482433.
  • -HERMANN, A. (1956/2002). Interpreting in Antiquity. In F. Pöchhacker & M. Shlesinger (Eds.), The interpreting studies reader (pp. 15–22). London: Routledge.
  • -HILLGARTH, J. N. (1996). Vida i importância de Ramon Llull en el context del segle XIII. Anuario de Estudios Medievales, 26, 967–978. doi:10.3989/aem.1996.v26.i2.
  • -HODGMAN, A. W. (1915). A rejoinder. The Classical Weekly, 9, 8. doi:10.2307/4387127.
  • -HULTSCH, F. O. (1889/2012). The histories of Polybius. Translated by Evelyn S. Shuckburgh. Retrieved from http://www.gutenberg.org/files/44125.
  • -HUTTON, J., & MARZOUK, S. (2012). The morphology of the tG- Stem in Hebrew and Tirgaltî in Hos 11:3. Journal of Hebrew Scriptures, 12, 1–41. doi:10.5508/jhs.2012.v12.a9.
  • -INGHILLERI, M. (2005). Mediating zones of uncertainty: Interpreter agency, the interpreting habitus and political asylum adjudication. The Translator, 11(1), 69–85. doi:10.1080/13556509.2005.10799190.
  • -INGHILLERI, M.. (2008). The ethical task of the translator in the geo-political arena: From Iraq to Guantanamo Bay. Translation Studies, 1(2), 212–223. doi:10.1080/14781700802113556.
  • -INGHILLERI, M. (2009). Translators in war zones: Ethics under fire in Iraq. In E. Bielsa & C. Hughes (Eds.), Globalisation, political violence and translation (pp. 207–221). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • -INGHILLERI, M. (2010). You don’t make war without knowing why: The decision to interpret in Iraq. The Translator, 16(2), 175–196. doi:10.1080/13556509.2010.10799468.
  • -INGHILLERI, M. (2012). Interpreting justice: Ethics, politics and language. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • -INGOLD, C. (2014). Cross-cultural competence plus language: Capturing the essence of intercultural communication. In R. Greene Sans & A. Greene-Sans (Eds.), Cross-cultural competence for a twenty-first-century military: Culture, the flipside of COIN (pp. 303–315). Lanham, MA: Lexington Books.
  • -JONES, I., & ASKEW, L. (2014). Meeting the language challenges of NATO Operations: Policy, practice and professionalization. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • -JUVINALL, B. (2013). Heaven or Hell?: The plight of former wartime interpreters of the Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts living in the U.S. Michigan State Journal of International Law, 21, 205–227. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.law.msu.edu /cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1110&context=ilr.
  • -KAWASHIMA, Y. (1989). Forest diplomats: The role of interpreters in Indian–White relations on the early American frontier. American Indian Quarterly, 13, 1–14. doi:10.2307/1184083.
  • -KELLY, M., & BAKER, C. (2013). Interpreting the peace: Peace operations, conflict and language in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • -KRIESBERG, L. (1991). Formal and quasi-mediators in international disputes: An exploratory analysis. Journal of Peace Research, 28(1), 19–27. doi:10.1177/0022343391028001004.
  • -KUHIWCZAK, P. (2007). The grammar of survival. How do we read Holocaust testimonies. In M. Salama-Carr, (Ed.), Translating and interpreting conflict (pp. 61–74). Amsterdam: Rodopi.
  • -KURZ, I. (1985). The rock tombs of the princes of Elephantine: Earliest references to interpretation in Pharaonic Egypt. Babel, 31, 213–218. doi: 10.1075/babel.31.4.05kur.
  • -LEE, D., & HOCKING, B. (2011). Diplomacy. In B. Bardie, D. B. Schlosser, & L. Morlino (Eds.), International encyclopaedia of political science. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
  • -LEWIS, B. (2005). From Babel to dragomans: Interpreting the Middle East. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • -LEWIS, J. (2012). Languages at war: A UK Ministry of Defence perspective. In H. Footitt & M. Kelly (Eds.), Languages and the military: Alliances, occupations and the peace building (pp. 175–185). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • -MAIRS, R. (2011). Translator, traditor: The interpreter as traitor in classical tradition. Greece & Rome, 58, 64–81. doi:10.1017/S0017383510000537.
  • -MATTINGLY, G. (1937). The first resident embassies: Mediaeval Italian origins of modern diplomacy. Speculum, 12, 423–439. doi:10.2307/2849298.
  • -MOSER-MERCER, B., & BALI, G. (2008). Interpreting in zones of crisis and war: AIIC. Retrieved from http://aiic.net/page/2979/interpreting-in-zones-of-crisis-and-war/lang/1.
  • -MUNDAY, J. (2014). Using primary sources to produce a microhistory of translation and translators: theoretical and methodological concerns. The Translator, 20(1), 64–80. doi:10.1080/13556509.2014.899094.
  • -OZAWA, T. (2008). Nisei interpreters/translators of the US military. JICA: Journal of the Japanese Overseas Migration Museum, 3, 37–50. Retrieved from http://www.jomm.jp/kiyo/pdf/pdf3/kiyou200903.pdf.
  • -PALMER, J. (2007). Interpreting and translation for Western media in Iraq. In M. Salama-Carr (Ed.), Translating and interpreting conflict (pp. 13–28). Amsterdam: Rodopi.
  • -PERETZ, D. (2006). The Roman interpreter and his diplomatic and military roles. Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte, 55, 451–470.
  • -POCHHACKER, F. (2004). Introducing interpreting studies. London: Routledge.
  • -PYM, A. (2001). (Ed.). (2001). Introduction: The return to ethics in translation studies. Special issue of The Translator, 7(2), 129–138. doi:10.1080/13556509.2001.10799096
  • -RAFAEL, V. (2007). Translation in wartime. Public Culture, 19(2), 239–246. doi:10.1215/08992363-2006-034.
  • -RINGLER, S. (1999). Sous le regard d’Hermes. Hermēneus, 1, 1–15. Retrieved from http://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/HS/ article/view/6018/5727.
  • -ROCHETTE, B. (1996). Πιστοι ἑρμηνεῖς. La traduction orale en Grèce. Revue des Études Grecques, 109(2), 325–347. doi:10.3406/reg.1996.2688.
  • -ROLAND, R. A. (1999). Interpreters as diplomats: A diplomatic history of the role of interpreters in world politics. Ottawa, ON: University of Ottawa Press.
  • -SHEEHAN, M. (2008). The changing character of war. In J. Baylis, S. Smith, & P. Owens (Eds.), The globalization of world politics: An introduction to international relations (pp. 216–227). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • -SNELLMAN, P. (2014). The agency of military interpreters in Finnish crisis management operations (Master’s thesis, University of Tampere). Retrieved from http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:uta-201403061187.
  • -STAHULJAK, Z. (2000). Violent distortions: Bearing witness to the task of wartime translators. TTR, 13(1), 37–51. doi:10.7202/037392ar.
  • -STAHULJAK, Z (2009). War, translation, transnationalism: Interpreters in and of the war (Croatia, 1991–1992). Translation Studies, III, 345–374.
  • -TADMOR, H. (1991). On the role of Aramaic in the Assyrian Empire. In M. Mori, H. Ogawa, & M. Yohikawa (Eds.), Near Eastern Studies 5 (pp. 419–426). Leiden: Brill.
  • -TAKEDA, K. (2009). Wars and interpreters. Across Languages and Cultures, 10(1), 49–62.
  • -TAKEDA, K., & BAIGORRI JALÓN, J. (2016). New insights in the history of interpreting. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
  • -TANASE, T., & MUSCALU, B. (2013). Viewpoints on Roman traditions in the history of intelligence services. In G. Preda & R. Ciuceanu (Eds.), History and civilization: EU strategy for the Baltic region (EUSBR) (pp. 7–29). Palermo: Italian Academic Publishing.
  • -TAULBEE, J.L. (1998). Mercenaries and citizens: A comparison of the armies of Carthage and Rome. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 9(3), 1–16. doi:10.1080/09592319808423218.
  • -TAYLOR, T. (1955). The Nuremberg trials. Columbia Law Review, 55, 488–525. doi:10.2307/1119814.
  • -TORREGARAY PAGOLA, E. (2009). Legatorum facta: La ejemplaridad de los embajadores romanos. Veleia, 26, 127–152. Retrieved from http://www.a360grados.net /sumario.asp?id=2465.
  • -TOUVAL, S. (2002). Mediation in the Yugoslav wars: The critical years. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • -UMANA CHAVERRI, J. O. (1991). Interpretación y traducción de América en el diario de navegación de Cristobal Colón. Letras, 1(25–26), 107–120. Retrieved from http://www.revistas.una.ac.cr/index.php/letras/article/view/4041/3879.
  • -VAN HOOF, H. (1996). De l’identité des interprètes au cours des siècles. Hieronymus Complutensis, 3, 9–19. Retrieved from http://cvc.cervantes.es/lengua/hieronymus /pdf/03/03_009.pdf.
  • -VIEIRA, A. (2014). Complications in cross-cultural communications: Using interpreters. In R. Green-Sans & A. Greene-Sans (Eds.), Cross-cultural competence for a twenty-first-century military: Culture, the flipside of COIN (pp. 195–210). Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
  • -WALBANK, F.W. (n.d.). Polybius. In Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/biography/Polybius.
Datuen iturria: Dialnet