Pruebas de evaluación complementarias para determinar el momento de volver a jugar después de una lesión de isquiotibiales en jugadores de fútboluna revisión sistemática

  1. Ramírez-Lechuga, Jorge 1
  2. Rocandio-Martínez, Andoni 2
  1. 1 Facultad del Deporte. Universidad Pablo de Olavide
  2. 2 Escuela Universitaria de Osuna. Universidad de Sevilla
Revista:
Cultura, ciencia y deporte

ISSN: 1696-5043

Año de publicación: 2021

Volumen: 16

Número: 49

Páginas: 443-454

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.12800/CCD.V16I49.1471 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Cultura, ciencia y deporte

Resumen

El examen clínico es la principal prueba que se tiene en consideración para determinar el momento en el que el jugador de fútbol puede volver a jugar después de una lesión de isquiotibiales, pero son necesarias otras medidas complementarias que permitan determinar este momento sin riesgo de sufrir una lesión recurrente. El principal objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue analizar las pruebas de evaluación complementarias al examen clínico utilizadas para determinar el momento en el que el jugador de fútbol puede volver a jugar después de una lesión de isquiotibiales. Se realizó una búsqueda electrónica en las bases de datos PubMed, SPORTSDiscus, Web of Science, Scopus y PEDro utilizando los siguientes términos: “hamstring injury”, “return to play”, “return to sport”, “soccer”, y “football”. Las pruebas complementarias utilizadas por los estudios para determinar el momento de volver a jugar después de una lesión de isquiotibiales fueron: imagen por resonancia magnética (IRM) (n = 4), ecografía (n = 1), Aksling H-test (n = 1), test isocinéticos (n = 1) y rendimiento en sprint (n = 3). La evaluación a través de la IRM ha demostrado ser una herramienta útil para pronosticar el tiempo de baja del jugador. Un déficit de fuerza de >10% entre ambas piernas se asocia con un mayor riesgo de lesión recurrente. La evaluación de las variables mecánicas del sprint y el Aksling H-test han mostrado ser pruebas complementarias útiles para determinar el momento de volver a jugar. El bíceps femoral presenta una alta tasa de recurrencia. Son necesarios más estudios para establecer criterios objetivos que ayuden a tomar la decisión del momento de volver a jugar después de una lesión de isquiotibiales en futbolistas. 

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