Efecto de la competición sobre la impulsividad del árbitro de fútbol amateur

  1. López Aguilar, José 1
  2. Alonso-Arbiol, Itziar 2
  3. Onetti-Onetti, Wanesa 3
  4. Castillo Rodríguez, Alfonso 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Granada
    info

    Universidad de Granada

    Granada, España

    ROR https://ror.org/04njjy449

  2. 2 Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
  3. 3 Universidad Internacional de La Rioja
    info

    Universidad Internacional de La Rioja

    Logroño, España

    ROR https://ror.org/029gnnp81

Journal:
Cultura, ciencia y deporte

ISSN: 1696-5043

Year of publication: 2021

Volume: 16

Issue: 49

Pages: 519-528

Type: Article

DOI: 10.12800/CCD.V16I49.1619 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

More publications in: Cultura, ciencia y deporte

Abstract

The soccer referee (SR) exposes themselves to stressful situations during the competition that may affect decision-making and may be more or less impulsive during the competition. The objectives of this study are to analyze the fluctuation of impulsivity of amateur AF between a basal context and a pre-competitive one and, moreover, to compare the impulsivity of AF according to category, age and experience. Participants were 29 Spanish referees of 23.98 ± 2.66 years participated; 73.64 ± 7.15 kg; and 7.8 ± 2.6 seasons of experience on average. participated and data was collected from Impulsivity data were collected using the UPPS-P questionnaire in 57 matches of their corresponding categories and later, between 48 hours and 72 hours later, the questionnaire was carried out again as a basal intake. This study took place during the 2019-2020 season. The results indicated that the referees have higher levels of negative urgency, sensation seeking and total impulsivity in precompetitive states than in basal states (p <.05). Likewise, the SR with a higher category had lower levels of negative and positive urgency (p <.05). As a conclusion, amateur SR has greater impulsivity in pre-competition states and, furthermore, those with a higher category tend to have lower levels of impulsivity. 

Funding information

Este estudio ha sido financiado por el proyecto PPJIA2020.04, del programa Proyectos de Investigación Precompetitiva para Jóvenes Investigadores del Plan Propio 2020, de la Universidad de Granada

Funders

Bibliographic References

  • Alonso-Arbiol, I., Falcó, F., López, M., Ordaz, B. & Ramírez, A. (2005). Development of a questionnaire for the assessment of sources of stress in Spanish soccer referees. Ansiedad y Estrés, 11(2-3), 175-188.
  • American Psychiatric Association. (2004). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (Text Revision; DSM-IV- TR). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
  • Arce, E. & Santisteban, C. (2006). Impulsividad: Una revisión [Impulsivity: A review]. Psicothema, 18, 213–220.
  • Ato, M., López-García, J. J., & Benavente, A. (2013). Un sistema de clasificación de los diseños de investigación en psicología. Anales de Psicología, 29(3). doi:10.6018/analesps.29.3.178511
  • Barratt, E. S. (1994). Impulsiveness and aggression. In J. Monahan & H. J. Steadman (Eds.), Violence and mental disorder: Developments in risk assessment (pp. 61–79). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Barros, R. M. L., Misuta, M. S., Menezes, R. P., Figueroa, P. J., Moura, F. A., Cunha, S. A., Anido, R. & Leite, N. J. (2007). Analysis of the distances covered by first division Brazilian soccer players obtained with an automatic tracking method. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 6, 233-242.
  • Castelão, D., Garganta, J., Santos, R. & Teoldo, I. (2014). Comparison of tactical behaviour and performance of youth soccer players in 3v3 and 5v5 small-sided games. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 14(3), 801-813. doi:10.1080/24 748668.2014.11868759
  • Castillo-Rodríguez, A., Madinabeitia, I., Castillo, A., Cárdenas, D. & Alarcón, F. (2018). La impulsividad determina el rol desempeñado por los jugadores de futsal. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 27, 181–188.
  • Castillo-Rodríguez, A., López-Aguilar, J. & Alonso-Arbiol, I. (2020). Relación entre respuestas físico-fisiológicas y psicológicas en árbitros de fútbol amateur. Journal of Sport Psychology, 30(1), en imprenta.
  • Cherek, D. R. & Lane, S. D. (1999). Laboratory and psychometric measurements of impulsivity among violent and nonviolent female parolees. Biological Psychiatry, 46, 273–280. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00309-6
  • Cloninger, C. R., Przybeck, T. R. & Svrakic, D. M. (1991). The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire: US normative data. Psychological Reports, 69, 1047–1057. doi:10.2466/pr0.1991.69.3.1047
  • Di Salvo, V., Baron, R., Tschan, H., Calderon Montero, F. J., Bachl, N., & Pigozzi, F. (2007). Performance characteristics according to playing position in elite soccer. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 28, 222–227. doi:10.1055/s-2006-924294
  • Dorsch, K. & Paskewich, D. (2007). Stressful experiences among six certification levels of ice hockey officials. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 8, 585-593. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2006.06.003
  • Dosil, J. (2004). Psicología de la actividad física y del deporte. Madrid: McGraw-Hill.
  • Eysenck, S. B. & McGurk, B. J. (1980). Impulsiveness and venturesomeness in a detention center populations. Psychological Reports, 47, 1299–1306. doi:10.2466/pr0.1980.47.3f.1299
  • Evenden, J. L. (1999). Varieties of impulsivity. Psychopharmacology, 146, 348–361. doi:10.1007/PL00005481
  • Fernández, J. A. & López, M. (1999). Aspectos psicológicos de la actuación arbitral. Ponencia presentada en las Jornadas de Actualización Arbitral de la Federación Andaluza de Fútbol, Sevilla.
  • Gaoua, N., de Oliveira, R. F., & Hunter, S. (2017). Perception, Action, and Cognition of Football Referees in Extreme Temperatures: Impact on Decision Performance. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1479. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01479
  • Garcés de los Fayos, E. J. & Vives, L. (2003). Formación en árbitros y jueces deportivos: Mejora de las competencias y habilidades psicológicas del árbitro. En F. Guillén (Dir.), Psicología del arbitraje y el juicio deportivo (pp. 161-186). Barcelona: Inde.
  • García-Mas, A. (2002). La psicología del fútbol. En J. Dosil (Ed.), El psicólogo del deporte: Asesoramiento e intervención (pp. 101-132). Madrid: Síntesis.
  • Gencay, S. (2009). Magnitude of psychological stress reported by soccer referees. Social Behavior and Personality, 37, 865-868. doi:10.2224/sbp.2009.37.7.865
  • Giske, R., Hausen, T. & Johansen, B. T. (2016). Training, mental preparation, and unmediated practice among soccer referees: An analysis of elite and sub-elite referees’ reported practice. International Journal of Applied Sport Science, 28(1), 31-41.
  • González Campos, G., Valdivia-Moral, P., Cachón Zagalaz, J., Zurita Ortega, F., & Romero, O. (2017). Influencia del control del estrés en el rendimiento deportivo: la autoconfianza, la ansiedad y la concentración en deportistas. Retos. Nuevas Tendencias en Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, (32), 3-6.
  • González-Oya, J. L. & Dosil, J. (2004). Características psicológicas de los árbitros de fútbol de la Comunidad Autónoma Gallega. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 4(1-2), 53-66.
  • González-Oya, J. (2006). Psicología aplicada al árbitro de fútbol: Características psicológicas y su entrenamiento. Sevilla: Wanceulen.
  • González-Oya, J. & Dosil, J. (2007). La Psicología del árbitro de fútbol. Noia: Toxosoutos.
  • Gould, D. & Krane, V. (1992). The arousal athletic performance relationship: Current status and future directions. En T. Horn (Ed.), Advances in sport psychology (pp. 119-141). Champaign, Ill: Human Kinetics.
  • Guillén, F. (2003). Panorama actual en el estudio del arbitraje y el juicio deportivo desde una perspectiva psicológica, En F. Guillén (Dir.), Psicología del arbitraje y el juicio deportivo (pp. 7-24). Barcelona: Inde.
  • Guillén, F. & Feltz, D. L. (2011). A conceptual model of referee efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 1–5.
  • Guillén, F. Feltz, D., Gilson, T., & Dithurbide, L. (2019). Analysis of the Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of Referee Self-Efficacy Scale (REFS). Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 28(1), 15-24.
  • Hansen, E. B. & Breivik, G. (2001). Sensation seeking as a predictor of positive and negative risk behaviour among adolescents. Personality and individual differences, 30(4), 627-640. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00061-1
  • International Football Association Board (IFAB) (2020). Laws of the Game 2020/2021. Zurich: Fédération Internationale de Football Association. Recuperado de https://resources.fifa.com/image/upload/ifab-laws-of-the-game-2020-21.pdf?cloudid=d6g1medsi8jrrd3e4imp#:~:text=FIFA%20joined%20The%20IFAB%20in,change%20will%20benefit%20the%20game.&text=For%20every%20proposed%20change%2C%20the,technology%20can%20benefit%20the%20game.
  • Kuroda, Y., Hudson, J., Thatcher, R. & Legrand, F. (2017). Telic-paratelic Dominance and State Effects on Responses to Resistance and Endurance Exercise. Journal of Motivation, Emotion, and Personality, 6, 15–22. doi:10.12689/jmep.2017.603
  • Lakens, D. (2013). Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: a practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs. Frontier in Psychology, 4, 863. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00863
  • Lane, A. M., Nevill, A. M., Ahmad, N. S., & Balmer, N. (2006). Soccer referee decision-making: ‘Shall I blow the whistle?’ Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 5, 243-253.
  • Logue, A. W. (1988). Research on self-control: An integrated framework. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 11, 665–709. doi:10.1017/S0140525X00053978
  • López, M., & Ordaz, B. (1992). Perfil estimado de la personalidad del árbitro de fútbol. Comunicación presentada en el I. Congreso de Psicología Profesional, Murcia.
  • McCrae, R. R., Costa, P. T. Jr., Lima, M. P., Ostendorf, F., Angeltiner, A., … Piedmont, R. L. (1999). Age differences in personality across the adult life span: Parallels in five cultures. Developmental Psychology, 35 (2), 466-477. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.35.2.466
  • Micoogullari, B. O., Gumusdag, H., Odek, U., & Beyaz, O. (2017). Comparative study of sport mental toughness between soccer officials. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 5, 1970-1976. doi:10.13189/ujer.2017.051113
  • Mirzaei, A., Nikbakhsh, R. & Sharififar, F. (2013). The relationship between personality traits and sport performance. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(3), 439-442.
  • Muñoz-Arjona, C., & Castillo-Rodríguez, A. (2020). Attitude vs. Aptitude. Effect of psychological responses on soccer referees. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 51(1), 69-80. doi:10.7352/IJSP.2020.51.069
  • Noce, F. (1999). Análise do estrés psíquico em atletas de voleibol de alto nivel:um estudio comparativo entre géneros. Disertación, mestrado. Escola de Educación Física da UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Brasil.
  • O’Donoghue, P. (2013). Statistics for sport and exercise studies: An introduction. (New York: Routledge).
  • Perales, J. C., Verdejo-García, A., Moya, M., Lozano, O. & Pérez-García, M. (2009). Bright and dark sides of impulsivity: Performance of women with high and low trait impulsivity on neuropsychological tasks. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 31(8), 927-944. doi:10.1080/13803390902758793
  • Pérez-Gómez, J., Adsuar, J. C., Alcaraz, P. E., & Carlos-Vivas, J. (2020). Physical exercises for preventing injuries among adult male football players: A systematic review. Journal of Sport and Health Science. En imprenta. doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2020.11.003
  • Ramírez, A., Alonso-Arbiol, I., Falcó, F. y López, M. (2006). Programa de intervención psicológica con árbitros de fútbol. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 15(2), 311-325.
  • Rampinini, E., Coutts, A. J., Castagna, C., Sassi, R., & Impellizzeri, F. M. (2007). Variation in top level soccer match performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 28, 1018-1024.
  • Rebolé, M., Castillo, D., Cámara, J., & Yanci, J. (2016). Relación entre la capacidad cardiovascular y la capacidad de esprints repetidos en árbitros de fútbol de alto nivel. Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte, 5(3), 49-64. doi:10.24310/riccafd.2016.v5i3.6141
  • Reyes Gómez, G., & Pérez-Farinós, N. (2020). Influencia del estrés en el origen de lesiones en voleibol de competición. Revista Iberoamericana De Ciencias De La Actividad Física Y El Deporte, 9(3), 131-142. doi:10.24310/riccafd.2020.v9i3.10512
  • Samuel, R. D. (2015). A Psychological Preparation Framework for Elite Soccer Referees: A Practitioner’s Perspective. Journal of Sport Psychology in Action, 6(3), 170–187. doi:10.1080/21520704.2015.1065938
  • Samuel, R. D., Englert, C., Zhang, Q., & Basevitch, I. (2018). Hi ref, are you in control? Self-control, ego-depletion, and performance in soccer referees. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 38, 167–175. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.06.009
  • Samulski, D. M. & Noce, F. (2003). Estrés psicológico en árbitros de deportes colectivos. En F. Guillén (Dir.), Psicología del arbitraje y el juicio deportivo (pp. 109-131). Barcelona: INDE.
  • Silva, B., Garganta, J., Santos, R. & Teoldo, I. (2014). Comparing tactical behaviour of soccer players in 3 vs. 3 and 6 vs. 6 small-sided games. Journal of Human Kinetics, 41(1), 191-202. doi:10.2478/hukin-2014-0047
  • Soriano Gillué, G., Ramis Laloux, Y., Torregrossa Álvarez, M., & Cruz i Feliu, J. (2018). Sources of Stress Inside and Outside the Match in Football Referees. Apunts. Educación Física y Deportes, 132, 22-31. doi:10.5672/apunts.2014-0983.es.(2018/2).132.02
  • Srivastava, S. J., John, O. P., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2003). Development of personality in early middle adulthood: Set like plaster or persistent change? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84 (5), 1041-1053. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.5.1041
  • Stratton, G., Reilly, T., Richardson, D. & Williams, A. M. (2004). Youth soccer: From science to performance. London: Routledge.
  • Tornero-Aguilera, J. F., Robles-Pérez, J. J. & Clemente-Suárez, V. (2017). Effect of combat stress in the psychophysiological response of elite and non-elite soldiers. The Journal of Medical Systems, 41(6), 100. doi:10.1007/s10916-017-0748-x
  • Tornero-Aguilera, J. F., & Clemente-Suárez, V. J. (2018). Effect of experience, equipment and fire actions in psychophysiological response and memory of soldiers in actual underground operations. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 128, 40-46. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.03.009
  • Villalobos, D., Ugarte, O. & Guillén, F. (2002). Situación actual y expectativas del árbitro de fútbol profesional. Kinesis, 33, 13-20.
  • Voight, M. (2009). Sources of stress and coping strategies of US soccer officials. Stress and Health, 25, 91-101. doi:10.1002/smi.1231
  • Weinberg, R. S. & Richardson, P. A. (1990). Psychology of officiating. Champaign, IL: Leisure Press.
  • Whiteside, S. P., Lynam, D. R., Miller, J. D. & Reynolds, S. K. (2005). Validation of the UPPS impulsive behaviour scale: A four-factor model of impulsivity. European Journal of Personality, 19, 559–574. doi:10.1002/per.556
  • Zuckerman, M., Kuhlman, D. M., Joireman, J., Teta, P. & Kraft, M. (1993). A comparison of three structural models for personality: The Big Three, the Big Five, and the Alternative Five. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 757–768. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.4.757