Una revisión del fenómeno hot hand como creencia subjetiva y sus consecuencias en el deporte

  1. Suárez-Cadenas, Ernesto 1
  2. Cárdenas Vélez, David 1
  3. Perales López, José César 2
  1. 1 Departamento de Educación física y deportiva. Universidad de Granada
  2. 2 Centro de Investigación Mente, Cerebro y Comportamiento (CIMCYC). Universidad de Granada
Revista:
Revista de psicología del deporte

ISSN: 1132-239X,  1988-5636

Año de publicación: 2017

Título del ejemplar: Revista de Psicología del Deporte

Volumen: 26

Número: 1

Páginas: 95-122

Tipo: Artículo

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Otras publicaciones en: Revista de psicología del deporte

Resumen

El término efecto hot hand (‘fenómeno de estar en racha’) hace referencia a un hipotético aumento del rendimiento tras el encadenamiento de varios ensayos acertados. Se identifican tres tipos de investigaciones en contextos deportivos: (1) centradas en la (in)existencia de rachas, (2) en los mecanismos psicológicos de la creencia humana en las rachas y (3) en las posibles consecuencias conductuales provocadas por la creencia. Esta revisión abarca los dos últimos aspectos: la psicología de la creencia en rachas y de la conducta provocada por ésta. El proceso de revisión sistemática se llevó a cabo mediante un protocolo estandarizado basado en las pautas sugeridas por Fernández-Ríos y Buela-Casal (2009). Los estudios relacionados con la creencia en rachas confirman que las personas creen firmemente en su existencia en la mayoría de deportes observándose diferencias en función del nivel de pericia y de modificaciones de framing. No obstante, aún queda por investigar en profundidad en los factores situacionales y las características psicológicas que afectan a la percepción de rachas. Desde un punto de vista conductual, los estudios demuestran que creer en la existencia de rachas tiene un enorme impacto en las decisiones. Los estudios aquí revisados parecen mostrar que la influencia de la creencia en rachas provoca una toma de decisiones peor y más arriesgada. Sin embargo, queda por aclarar en el futuro el impacto de esa tendencia sobre indicadores objetivos de rendimiento en contextos reales de juego.

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