Combinación de entrenamiento de fuerza y aeróbico en adultos mayoresefectos en rendimiento funcional, fuerza, masa grasa y dolor

  1. Fernández Martínez, Nicolás 1
  2. Pozo-Bohórquez, Carlos 2
  3. Sánchez-Canales, Vanesa 1
  1. 1 CEU Cardenal Spínola (España)
  2. 2 Almazara Club (España)
Revista:
Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación

ISSN: 1579-1726,  1988-2041

Año de publicación: 2022

Número: 43

Páginas: 735-741

Tipo: Artículo

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación

Resumen

La sociedad está envejeciendo, y se estima que este segmento seguirá aumentando en los próximos años. Objetivo: Examinar los efectos que producen 5 semanas de entrenamiento en el rendimiento funcional, fuerza de agarre, perímetro de cintura, masa grasa y percepción de dolor general. Método: 28 sujetos (edad ≥ 55 años), sedentarios, participaron en un programa de entrenamiento de fuerza y entrenamiento aeróbico, de 5 semanas, 5 sesiones semanales de 50-60 minutos de duración. Resultados: Existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los valores previos y posteriores al programa. La magnitud de estas diferencias puede considerarse grande en el Timed Up and Go Test (-27.3%, p=0.000, d=3.01), 30-Second Chair Stand Test (+42%, p=0.000, d=1.77) y percepción de dolor día (-54.7%, p=0.000, d=1.27) y noche (-58.2%, p=0.000, d=1.02). Conclusión: Tras la aplicación del programa de entrenamiento concurrente descrito, todas las variables analizadas han evolucionado favorablemente. Dichas variables están directamente relacionadas con la composición corporal, calidad de vida, reducción del dolor, así como mejora de fuerza para las actividades cotidianas de las personas mayores.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Agner, V. F. C., Garcia, M. C., Taffarel, A. A., Mourão, C. B., da Silva, I. P., da Silva, S. P., Peccin, M. S., & Lombardi, I. (2018). Effects of concurrent training on muscle strength in older adults with metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 75(December 2017), 158–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2017.12.011
  • Alcañiz, R. N., & González-Moro, I. M. (2020). Valoración del grado de deterioro funcional y fragilidad en adultos mayores activos. Retos, 38, 576–581.
  • Arnold, C. M., Warkentin, K. D., Chilibeck, P. D., & Magnus, C. R. A. (2010). The reliability and validity of handheld dynamometry for the measurement of lower-extremity muscle strength in older adults. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 24(3), 815–824. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181aa36b8
  • Ashwell, M., Gunn, P., & Gibson, S. (2012). Waist-to-height ratio is a better screening tool than waist circumference and BMI for adult cardiometabolic risk factors: systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity Reviews, 13(3), 275–286. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2011.00952.x
  • Barbalho, M. de S. M., Gentil, P., Izquierdo, M., Fisher, J., Steele, J., & Raiol, R. de A. (2017). There are no no-responders to low or high resistance training volumes among older women. Experimental Gerontology, 99, 18–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2017.09.003
  • Cadore, Eduardo L., Pinto, R. S., Pinto, S. S., Alberton, C. L., Correa, C. S., Tartaruga, M. P., Silva, E. M., Almeida, A. P. V., Trindade, G. T., & Kruel, L. F. M. (2011). Effects of strength, endurance, and concurrent training on aerobic power and dynamic neuromuscular economy in elderly men. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(3), 758–766. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318207ed66
  • Cadore, Eduardo Lusa, Menger, E., Teodoro, J. L., da Silva, L. X. N., Boeno, F. P., Umpierre, D., Botton, C. E., Ferrari, R., Cunha, G. dos S., Izquierdo, M., & Pinto, R. S. (2018). Functional and physiological adaptations following concurrent training using sets with and without concentric failure in elderly men: A randomized clinical trial. Experimental Gerontology, 110, 182–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2018.06.011
  • Cartee, G. D., Hepple, R. T., Bamman, M. M., & Zierath, J. R. (2016). Exercise Promotes Healthy Aging of Skeletal Muscle. In Cell Metabolism (Vol. 23, Issue 6, pp. 1034–1047). Cell Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.007
  • Carvalho, M. J., Marques, E., & Mota, J. (2009). Training and detraining effects on functional fitness after a multicomponent training in older women. Gerontology, 55(1), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1159/000140681
  • Chodzko-Zajko, W. J., Proctor, D. N., Fiatarone Singh, M. A., Minson, C. T., Nigg, C. R., Salem, G. J., & Skinner, J. S. (2009). Exercise and physical activity for older adults. In Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise (Vol. 41, Issue 7, pp. 1510–1530). https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181a0c95c
  • Ciolac, E. G., & Rodrigues-da-Silva, J. M. (2016). Resistance Training as a Tool for Preventing and Treating Musculoskeletal Disorders. In Sports Medicine (Vol. 46, Issue 9, pp. 1239–1248). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0507-z
  • Cortell-Tormo, J. M., Sánchez, P. T., Chulvi-Medrano, I., Tortosa-Martínez, J., Manchado-López, C., Llana-Belloch, S., & Pérez-Soriano, P. (2018). Effects of functional resistance training on fitness and quality of life in females with chronic nonspecific low-back pain. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 31(1), 95–105. https://doi.org/10.3233/BMR-169684
  • Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Bahat, G., Bauer, J., Boirie, Y., Bruyère, O., Cederholm, T., Cooper, C., Landi, F., Rolland, Y., Sayer, A. A., Schneider, S. M., Sieber, C. C., Topinkova, E., Vandewoude, M., Visser, M., Zamboni, M., Bautmans, I., Baeyens, J. P., Cesari, M., … Schols, J. (2019). Sarcopenia: Revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age and Ageing, 48(1), 16–31. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy169
  • Cunha, P. M., Nunes, J. P., Tomeleri, C. M., Nascimento, M. A., Schoenfeld, B. J., Antunes, M., Gobbo, L. A., Teixeira, D., & Cyrino, E. S. (2018). Resistance Training Performed With Single and Multiple Sets Induces Similar Improvements in Muscular Strength, Muscle Mass, Muscle Quality, and IGF-1 in Older Women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 1. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000002847
  • Ellingsgaard, H., Hojman, P., & Pedersen, B. K. (2019). Exercise and health — emerging roles of IL-6. In Current Opinion in Physiology (Vol. 10, pp. 49–54). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cophys.2019.03.009
  • Ferrari, R., Fuchs, S. C., Kruel, L. F. M., Cadore, E. L., Alberton, C. L., Pinto, R. S., Radaelli, R., Schoenell, M., Izquierdo, M., Tanaka, H., & Umpierre, D. (2016). Effects of different concurrent resistance and aerobic training frequencies on muscle power and muscle quality in trained elderly men: A randomized clinical trial. Aging and Disease, 7(6), 697–704. https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2016.0504
  • Fragala, M. S., Cadore, E. L., Dorgo, S., Izquierdo, M., Kraemer, W. J., Peterson, M. D., & Ryan, E. D. (2019). Resistance Training for Older Adults: Position Statement From the National Strength and Conditioning Association. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(8), 2019–2052. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003230
  • García-Hermoso, A., Cavero-Redondo, I., Ramírez-Vélez, R., Ruiz, J. R., Ortega, F. B., Lee, D. C., & Martínez-Vizcaíno, V. (2018). Muscular Strength as a Predictor of All-Cause Mortality in an Apparently Healthy Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Data From Approximately 2 Million Men and Women. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 99(10), 2100-2113.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2018.01.008
  • Gavin, T. P., Ruster, R. S., Carrithers, J. A., Zwetsloot, K. A., Kraus, R. M., Evans, C. A., Knapp, D. J., Drew, J. L., McCartney, J. S., Garry, J. P., & Hickner, R. C. (2007). No difference in the skeletal muscle angiogenic response to aerobic exercise training between young and aged men. Journal of Physiology, 585(1), 231–239. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2007.143198
  • Huh, J. Y. (2018). The role of exercise-induced myokines in regulating metabolism. In Archives of Pharmacal Research (Vol. 41, Issue 1, pp. 14–29). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12272-017-0994-y
  • Izquierdo, M., Ibañez, J., Häkkinen, K., Kraemer, W. J., Larrión, J. L., & Gorostiaga, E. M. (2004). Once Weekly Combined Resistance and Cardiovascular Training in Healthy Older Men. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36(3), 435–443. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000117897.55226.9A
  • Jochem, C., Leitzmann, M., Volaklis, K., Aune, D., & Strasser, B. (2019). Association Between Muscular Strength and Mortality in Clinical Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 20(10), 1213–1223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2019.05.015
  • Kim, G. R., Sun, J., Han, M., Park, S., & Nam, C. M. (2019). Impact of handgrip strength on cardiovascular, cancer and all-cause mortality in the Korean longitudinal study of ageing. BMJ Open, 9(5). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027019
  • Kremer, E., Atkinson, J. H., & Ignelzi, R. J. (1981). Measurement of pain: patient preference does not confound pain measurement. Pain, 10(2), 241–248. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7267140
  • Lakens, D. (2013). Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: A practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs. Frontiers in Psychology, 4(NOV). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00863
  • Miller, T., Mull, S., Aragon, A. A., Krieger, J., & Schoenfeld, B. J. (2018). Resistance training combined with diet decreases body fat while preserving lean mass independent of resting metabolic rate: A randomized trial. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 28(1), 46–54. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0221
  • Miranda-Aguilar, D., Valdés-Badilla, P., Herrera-Valenzuela, T., Guzmán-Muñoz, E., Magnani Branco, B. H., Méndez-Rebolledo, G., & López-Fuenzalida, A. (2020). Elastic bands or gym equipment for the training of older adults? Retos, 37, 370–378.
  • Moghadam, B. H., Bagheri, R., Ashtary-Larky, D., Tinsley, G. M., Eskandari, M., Wong, A., Moghadam, B. H., Kreider, R. B., & Baker, J. S. (2020). The Effects of Concurrent Training Order on Satellite Cell-Related Markers, Body Composition, Muscular and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Older Men with Sarcopenia. Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging, 24(7), 796–804. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-020-1431-3
  • Mora, R. M. S., Oliver, A. J. S., Carmona, W. S., & Jurado, J. A. G. (2020). Effect of a physical exercise program on physical fitness and visceral fat in people with obesity. Retos, 2041(39), 723–730. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i39.78997
  • Morente-Oria, H., Ruiz-Montero, P. J., Chiva-Bartoll, Ó., & González-Fernández, F. T. (2020). Effects of 8-weeks concurrent strength and Aerobic training on body composition, physiological and cognitive performance in older adult women. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(5), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12051944
  • Morishita, S., Tsubaki, A., Nakamura, M., Nashimoto, S., Fu, J. B., & Onishi, H. (2019). Rating of perceived exertion on resistance training in elderly subjects. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 17(2), 135–142. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779072.2019.1561278
  • Nascimento, L. R., Teixeira-Salmela, L. F., Souza, R. B., & Resende, R. A. (2018). Hip and knee strengthening is more effective than knee strengthening alone for reducing pain and improving activity in individuals with patellofemoral pain: A systematic review with meta-analysis. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy, 48(1), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2018.7365
  • Neves, L. X. da S., Teodoro, J. L., Menger, E., Lopez, P., Grazioli, R., Farinha, J., Moraes, K., Bottaro, M., Pinto, R. S., Izquierdo, M., & Cadore, E. L. (2018). Repetitions to failure versus not to failure during concurrent training in healthy elderly men: A randomized clinical trial. Experimental Gerontology, 108, 18–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2018.03.017
  • Noble, B. J., Borg, G. A. V., Jacobs, I., Ceci, R., & Kaiser, P. (1983). A category-ratio perceived exertion scale: Relationship to blood and muscle lactates and heart rate. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 15(6), 523–528. https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-198315060-00015
  • Pinto, R. S., Correa, C. S., Radaelli, R., Cadore, E. L., Brown, L. E., & Bottaro, M. (2014). Short-term strength training improves muscle quality and functional capacity of elderly women. Age, 36(1), 365–372. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-013-9567-2
  • Ramírez-Vélez, R., Pérez-Sousa, M. Á., Izquierdo, M., Cano-Gutierrez, C. A., González-Jiménez, E., Schmidt-Riovalle, J., González-Ruíz, K., & Correa-Rodríguez, M. (2019). Validation of surrogate anthropometric indices in older adults: What is the best indicator of high cardiometabolic risk factor clustering? Nutrients, 11(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11081701
  • Ribeiro, A. S., Tomeleri, C. M., Souza, M. F., Pina, F. L. C., Schoenfeld, B. J., Nascimento, M. A., Venturini, D., Barbosa, D. S., & Cyrino, E. S. (2015). Effect of resistance training on C-reactive protein, blood glucose and lipid profile in older women with differing levels of RT experience. AGE, 37(6), 109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-015-9849-y
  • Rikli, R. E., & Jones, C. J. (2013). Senior fitness test manual. Choice Reviews Online, 39(06), 39-3447-39–3447. https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.39-3447
  • Sander, M., Oxlund, B., Jespersen, A., Krasnik, A., Mortensen, E. L., Westendorp, R. G. J., & Rasmussen, L. J. (2015). The challenges of human population ageing. Age and Ageing, 44(2), 185–187. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afu189
  • Sardeli, A. V., Komatsu, T. R., Mori, M. A., Gáspari, A. F., & Chacon-Mikahil, M. P. T. (2018). Resistance training prevents muscle loss induced by caloric restriction in obese elderly individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. In Nutrients (Vol. 10, Issue 4). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10040423
  • Savva, G. M., Donoghue, O. A., Horgan, F., O’Regan, C., Cronin, H., & Kenny, R. A. (2013). Using timed up-and-go to identify frail members of the older population. Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 68(4), 441–446. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/gls190
  • Schneider, H. J., Friedrich, N., Klotsche, J., Pieper, L., Nauck, M., John, U., Dörr, M., Felix, S., Lehnert, H., Pittrow, D., Silber, S., Völzke, H., Stalla, G. K., Wallaschofski, H., & Wittchen, H. U. (2010). The predictive value of different measures of obesity for incident cardiovascular events and mortality. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 95(4), 1777–1785. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2009-1584
  • Sergi, G., De Rui, M., Stubbs, B., Veronese, N., & Manzato, E. (2017). Measurement of lean body mass using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a consideration of the pros and cons. In Aging Clinical and Experimental Research (Vol. 29, Issue 4, pp. 591–597). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-016-0622-6
  • Shiotsu, Y., & Yanagita, M. (2018). Comparisons of low-intensity versus moderate-intensity combined aerobic and resistance training on body composition, muscle strength, and functional performance in older women. Menopause, 25(6), 668–675. https://doi.org/10.1097/GME.0000000000001060
  • Tanaka, R., Ozawa, J., Kito, N., & Moriyama, H. (2013). Efficacy of strengthening or aerobic exercise on pain relief in people with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. In Clinical Rehabilitation (Vol. 27, Issue 12, pp. 1059–1071). https://doi.org/10.1177/0269215513488898
  • Thomas, A. W., Davies, N. A., Moir, H., Watkeys, L., Ruffino, J. S., Isa, S. A., Butcher, L. R., Hughes, M. G., Morris, K., & Webb, R. (2012). Exercise-associated generation of PPARγ ligands activates PPARγ signaling events and upregulates genes related to lipid metabolism. Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(5), 806–815. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00864.2011
  • Timmons, J. F., Minnock, D., Hone, M., Cogan, K. E., Murphy, J. C., & Egan, B. (2018). Comparison of time-matched aerobic, resistance, or concurrent exercise training in older adults. In Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports (Vol. 28, Issue 11). https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13254
  • Valenzuela, P. L., Castillo-García, A., Morales, J. S., Izquierdo, M., Serra-Rexach, J. A., Santos-Lozano, A., & Lucia, A. (2019). Physical exercise in the oldest old. Comprehensive Physiology, 9(4), 1281–1304. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c190002
  • Wilhelm, E. N., Rech, A., Minozzo, F., Botton, C. E., Radaelli, R., Teixeira, B. C., Reischak-Oliveira, A., & Pinto, R. S. (2014). Concurrent strength and endurance training exercise sequence does not affect neuromuscular adaptations in older men. Experimental Gerontology, 60, 207–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2014.11.007
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet