The presence of Spanish in American movies and television showsDubbing and subtitling strategies
ISSN: 1697-0381
Año de publicación: 2009
Número: 6
Páginas: 51-72
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: VIAL, Vigo international journal of applied linguistics
Resumen
The existence of a large Latin American community living and working in the United States has been the main cause for the Spanish language to have gradually found its way into the North-American society. Those belonging to this community use both Spanish and English on a daily basis, although not usually to the same degree: Spanish is normally spoken in colloquial situations, whereas English is the language used in work or academic contexts. The code-switching between the two languages emerges as a tool of identification with both cultures. Over the past few years, the cultural reality of all those people who are able to alternate English and Spanish in the same conversation has emerged in the United States as a new theme for movies and television shows. In this paper, I shall analyze the presence of codeswitching in several American audiovisual products. I will also examine the translation, dubbing and subtitling strategies used by the American screenwriters and the Spanish translators when this bilingual situation occurs in a script.
Referencias bibliográficas
- American Library Association: http://www.ala.org (consulted in April 2008).
- Castro Roig, X. 2001. “El ciberespanglish, el español comercial y el español neutro en la Red”: http://www.elcastellano.org/span2.html (consulted in Septem-ber 2007).
- Díaz, J. 2008. The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao. London: Faber and Faber.
- Eguíluz Ortiz de Latierro, F. 2000. “Algunas reflexiones para entender la literatura chicana”. In R. Morillas Sánchez and M. Villar Raso (eds) 2000 Literatura chicana: Reflexiones y ensayos críticos. Granada: Comares, 99-107.
- El Mundo. “La BBC lanzará en Estados Unidos un canal infantil en castella-no”. November 21 2008: http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2008/09/19/televi-sion/1221823399.html (consulted in November, 2008).
- Espinosa, A.M. 1975. “Speech Mixture in New Mexico: The Influence of the English Language on New Mexican Spanish”. In E. Hernández Chavez, A. D. Co-hen and A. F. Beltramo (eds) 1975 El lenguaje de los chicanos: Regional and Social Characteristics of Language used by Mexican-American. Arlington: Center for Applied Linguistics, 99-114.
- Finegan, E. and J. Rickford. 2004. “Editors’ Introduction to J. A. Fishman’s article ‘Multilingualism and non-English mother tongues’”. In E. Finegan and J. Rickford (eds) 2004 Language in the U.S.A.: themes for the 21st century. New York: Cambridge University Press, 115.
- Fishman, J. A. 2004. “Multilingualism and non-English mother tongues”. In E. Finegan and J. Rickford (eds) 2004 Language in the U.S.A.: themes for the 21st cen-tury. New York: Cambridge University Press, 116-132.
- González-Echeverría, R. 1997. “Hablar spanglish es devaluar el español”: http://www.elcastellano.org/clarin.html (consulted in September 2007).
- Jiménez Carra, N. 2005. “Estrategias de cambio de código y su traducción en la novela de Sandra Cisneros Caramelo or Puro Cuento”. Trans. Revista de Traductología, 9: 37-59.
- Köppe, R. and J. M. Meisel. 1995. “Code-switching in bilingual first language acquisition”. In L. Milroy and P. Muysken (eds) 1995 One speaker, two languages. Cross-disciplinary perspectives on code-switching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 276-301.
- La opinión. “La BBC llega en español”. November 21, 2008: http://www.impre.com/laopinion/entretenimiento/tv-radio/2008/11/21/la-bbc-llega-en-espantilde;ol-94159-1.html (consulted in November 2008).
- León Jiménez, R. 2003. Identidad multilingüe. El cambio de código como símbolo de la identidad en la literatura chicana. La Rioja: Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de La Rioja.
- Lucio, C. 2003. “El último crack americano. Sandra Cisneros: ‘Antes sólo podía publicar en editoriales feministas’”: http://www.elmundo.es/elmundoli-bro/2003/05/23/protagonistas/1053714008.html (consulted in April 2008).Metropolitan Transportation Authority: http://www.mta.info (consulted in September 2008).
- Muysken, P. 1995. “Code-switching and grammatical theory”. In L. Milroy and P. Muysken (eds) 1995 One speaker, two languages. Cross-disciplinary perspectives on code-switching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 177-198.
- Penguin Reading Guides (The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao, by Junot Díaz): http://us.penguingroup.com/static/rguides/us/brief_and_wondrous_life_of_os-car_wao.html (consulted in October 2008).
- PR Newswire. “BBC Worldwide Channels Launches Its First Spanish-Lan-guage Channel in the U.S. on DISH Network®”. November 19, 2008: http://news.prnewswire.com/ViewContent.aspx?ACCT=109&STORY=/www/story/11-19-2008/0004928901&EDATE (consulted in November 2008).
- Rosenwald, L. 2008. Multilingual America. Language and the Making of American Literature. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- The Oprah Winfrey Show en español: http://www.oprah.com/subpackage/oprahshow/reservations/pkgsap/20080929_tows_sap_espanol (consulted in No-vember 2008).
- TV Week. “BBC’s Spanish-Language CBeebies Bows in U.S.” November 19 2008: http://www.tvweek.com/news/2008/11/bbcs_spanishlanguage_cbeebies.php (consulted in November 2008).US Census Bureau: http://www.census.gov (consulted in September 2008).
- Zentella, A. C. 2004. “Spanish in the Northeast”. In E. Finegan and J. Rick-ford (eds) 2004 Language in the U.S.A.: themes for the 21st century. New York: Cam-bridge University Press, 182-204