ʻabbās maḥmūd al-ʻaqqād (1889-1964), autorretrato de su infancia y adolescencia

  1. María Katjia Torres Calzada
Aldizkaria:
Miscelánea de estudios árabes y hebraicos. Sección Árabe-Islam

ISSN: 1696-5868

Argitalpen urtea: 2019

Alea: 68

Orrialdeak: 415-439

Mota: Artikulua

Beste argitalpen batzuk: Miscelánea de estudios árabes y hebraicos. Sección Árabe-Islam

Laburpena

This paper analyzes the childhood and adolescence (1892-1907) of the renowned Egyptian polymath and great renovator of contemporary Arab poetry ‘Abbās Maḥmūd al-‘Aqqād. The documentary sources used include the first volume of his posthumous autobiography, Anā (1964), the biographies about him published by the literary critics ‘Abd al-Fatāḥ al-Dīdī, Jābir Qumayḥa, Shawqī Ḍayf and Ḥamdī al-Sakkūt, the memoirs of his close friend Muḥammad Ṭāhir al-Jabalāwī and those of Fāṭima alYūsuf and, finally, the information provided by Ṭāhir al-Ṭanāḥī, the editor of al-‘Aqqād´s autobiography. This study seeks to delimit the possible causes of his intransigent character by applying the study method that al-‘Aqqād used in the composition of the biographies he wrote about history's great figures. This method, called Falsafa al-sujṭ (philosophy of discontent,) consists of attempting to demonstrate that every man who shows exceptional abilities and great talent is in fact compensating for a physical weakness. The paper concludes that in the case of al-‘Aqqād the premise of the compensation of physical weakness with the endowment of exceptional abilities and talent can be confirmed.

Erreferentzia bibliografikoak

  • ʻABBĀS, Iḥsān. Ittiŷāhāt al-šiʻr al-ʻarabī l-muʻāṣir. Kuwait: al-Maŷlis al-Waṭanī li-l-Ṯaqāfa, 1978.
  • ALLEN, Roger. s.v. “al-ʻAḳḳād”. Encyclopédie de l´Islam (Nouvelle édition). Leiden: E. J. Brill, vol. I (1991), p. 58.
  • ʻAQQĀD, ʻAbbās Maḥmūd al-. Murāŷaʻāt fī l-adab wa-l-funūn. Hindawī, 2014, pp. 29-55. https://ia801401.us.archive.org/11/items/el3aqaadworks/%D9%85 %D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D9%81%D9%8A%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8%20%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86.pdf. (consultado 02/09/2016)
  • ʻAQQĀD, ʻAbbās Maḥmūd al-. Saʻāt bayna al-kutub. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-Lubnānī, 1984.
  • ʻAQQĀD, ʻAbbās Maḥmūd al-. Anā. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-Lubnānī, 1982.
  • ʻAQQĀD, ʻAbbās Maḥmūd al-. Ḥayāt qa-lam. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-Lubnānī, 1982.
  • ʻAQQĀD, ʻAbbās Maḥmūd al-. Ibn Rušd. Beirut: Dār al-Maʻārif, 1953.
  • ʻAQQĀD, ʻAbbās Maḥmūd al-. Abqariyyat al-imām ʻAlī. El Cairo: Dār al-Maʻārif, 1947.
  • ʻAQQĀD, ʻAbbās Maḥmūd al-. Francis Bacon. El Cairo: Dār al-Maʻārif, 1945.
  • ʻAQQĀD, ʻAbbās Maḥmūd al-. Ibn al-ʻĀṣ ʻAmr. El Cairo: Maṭbaʻa Iḥyāʼ al-Kutub al-ʻArabiyya, 1943.
  • ʻAQQĀD, ʻAbbās Maḥmūd al-. Abqariyyat Muḥammad. El Cairo: Dār al-Maʻārif, 1942.
  • ʻAQQĀD, ʻAbbās Maḥmūd al-. Saʻāt bayna al-kutub. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-Lubnānī, 1928.
  • BADAWI, Muhammad Mustafa. A critical introduction to modern Arabic poetry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975.
  • BOLULLO, Carmelo. “El poeta egipcio al-Aqqad y Unamuno”. Boletín de la Asociación Española de Orientalistas, 30 (1994), pp. 239-252.
  • BRUGMAN, Jan. An Introduction to the history of modern Arabic literature in Egypt. Leiden: Brill, 1984.
  • CALVERT, John. Sayyid Qutb and the origins of radical Islamism. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.
  • ḌAYF, Šawqī. Al-Adab al-ʻarabī l-muʻāṣir fī Miṣr. El Cairo: Dār al-Maʻārif, 1965.
  • ḌAYF, Šawqī. Maʻa al-ʻAqqād. El Cairo: Dār al-Maʻārif bi-Miṣr, n.d.
  • DERMENGHEM, Émile. Les plus beaux textes arabes. París: Éditions d´Aujourd´hui, 1979.
  • DĪDĪ, ʻAbd al-Fatāḥ al-. ‘Abqariyat al- ʻAqqād. El Cairo: al-Dār al-Qawmiyya li-l-Ṭibaʻa wa-l-Našr, 1964.
  • DĪDĪ, ʻAbd al-Fatāḥ al-. “Ṣūra li-l-niḍāl al-šaʻbī”. Al-Ṯaqāfa, 40 (21 abril 1964), p. 39.
  • DIYĀB, ʻAbd al-Ḥayy. ʻAbbās al-ʻAḳḳād nāqidun. El Cairo: Dār al-Qawmiyya li-l-Ṭibāʻa, 1965.
  • FAḌL, Ṣalāḥ. “Al-ʻAqād y el pensamiento árabe moderno”. Revista del Instituto de Estudios Islámicos de Madrid, XV (1970), pp. 67-86.
  • GOLDSCHMIDT JR., Arthur. Biographical dictionary of modern Egypt. Lon-dres: Lynne Publishers, 2000.
  • HADDAD, Yvonne. “The Quranic justification for an Islamic revolution: the view of Sayyid Qutb”. The Middle East Journal, 37 (1983), pp. 14-29.
  • HAJJI, Abderraouf. Saïd Hajji: naissance de la presse nationale marocaine. Kir-kland: Mohammed Hajji, 2007.
  • HAYWOOD, John A. Modern Arabic literature, 1800-1970. An introduction with extracts in translation. Londres: Lund Humphries, 1971.
  • ḤAYYI, Saʻīd. “Al-adīb al-ŷabbār”. Al-Salām, 6 (1933), pp. 85-92.
  • ḤAYYI, Saʻīd.“Entretien avec Abbas Mahmoud Al Akkad. Chapitre 6. Deux grands poètes: Al Moutanabbi et Al Akkad”. Al-Salām, 6 (1933) https://said. haj-ji.org/fr/ecrits-litteraires-politiques-et-journalistiques/deux-grands-poetes-al-moutanabbi-et-al-akkad/entretien-avec-abbas-mahmoud-al-akkad, (2005) (consultado 12/01/2016).
  • HERREA, Linda. “`The soul of a nation´ ʻAbdallah Nadim an educational reform in Egypt”. Mediterranean Journal of Educational Studies, 7/1 (2002), pp. 1-24. https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/handle/123456789/18990/ The%20soul%20of%20a%20nation%20%E2%80%93%20Abdallah%20Nadim%20and%20educational%20reform%20in%20Egypt%20-1845-1896.pdf?se quence=1&isAllowed =y (consultado 25/08/2017).
  • JANSEN, Johannes G. The interpretation of Koran in modern Egypt. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1980.
  • JANSEN, Johannes G.. “Sayyid Kutb”. In Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Ed. P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs. (consultado el 08/08/2018) http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1012.
  • JAYYUSI, Salma Khadrah. Trends and mouvements in modern Arabic poetry. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1977.
  • KAZIMIRSKI, Albert de Biberstein. Dictionnaire árabe-français. Beirut: Librai-rie du Lubnan, 1860.
  • KHALAFALLAH, Hayfa. “‘Abbas al-‘Aqqad: The historian”. The Arab Studies Journal, 3/1 (Spring 1995), pp. 80-93.
  • MARTÍNEZ MARTÍN, Leonor. Antología de poesía árabe contemporánea. Ma-drid: Espasa-Calpe, 1972.
  • MARTÍNEZ MONTÁVEZ, Pedro. Introducción a la literatura árabe moderna. Granada: Universidad de Granada-CantArabia, 19943.
  • MARTÍNEZ MONTÁVEZ, Pedro. Poesía árabe contemporánea. Madrid: Escelicer, 1958.
  • MASSAD, Joseph A. Desiring Arabs. Chicago-Londres: Chicago University Press, 2007.
  • MEISAMI, Julie Scott y STARKEY, Paul (eds.). Encyclopedia of modern Arabic literature. Londres-Nueva York: Routledge, 1998.
  • MOHAMED, Ahmed Fathi. Gender and the political novel in Egypt through two works by Salwa Bakr & Sonallah Ibrahim. Montreal: Institute of Islamic Stud-ies McGill University, 2016. http://digitool.library.mcgill.ca/webclient/ StreamGate?folder_id=0&dvs=1503655523402~440 (consultado 25/09/ 2017).
  • MOREH, Shmuel. Modern Arabic poetry, 1800-1970. Leiden: Brill, 1970.
  • PÉRÈS, Henri. La littérature arabe et l´islam par les textes. París: Librairie d´Amérique et d´Orient, 1969.
  • QUMAYHA, Ŷābir. Minhaŷ al-ʻAqqād fī l-tarāŷim al-adabiyya. El Cairo: al-Maktaba al-Miṣrīya, 1980.
  • QUṬB, Sayyid. La justicia social en el islam. Córdoba: Almuzara, 2007.
  • QUṬB, Sayyid. Milestones. Londres: Islamic Book Services, 2005.
  • QUṬB, Sayyid. Kutub wa-šajsīyāt. El Cairo: Dār al-Šurūq, 1946.
  • RAHMAN, Asyraf Hj. Ab.; ALI, Nooraihan y AHMAD, Wan Ibrahim Wan. “The influence of al-ʻAqqad and the Diwan School of poetry on Sayyid Qutb’s writings”. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1/8 (July 2011), pp. 158-162.
  • ROUAYHEB, Khaled El-. Before homosexuality in the Arab Islamic world, 1500-1800. Chicago-Londres: Chicago University Press, 2005.
  • SAKKŪT, Ḥamdī l-. Al-Aʻlam al-adab al-muʻāṣir fī Miṣr. Silsila biyūgrāfīyya naqdīyya bibliyūgrāfīyya. V ʻAbbās Maḥmūd al-ʻAqqād. El Cairo-Beirut: Center of Arabic Studies, American University in Cairo-Dār al-Kitāb al-Lubnānī, 1983.
  • SEMAH, David. Four Egyptian literary critics. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1974.
  • SHEPARD, William. Sayyid Qutb and Islamic activism: a translation and criti-cal analysis of social justice in Islam. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1996.
  • SIDKY, Abdel Rahman. “Abbas Mahmoud Al-Akkad”. La Revue du Caire, 153 (1953), pp. 71-75.
  • TOTH, James. Sayyid Qutb. The life and legacy of a radical Islamic intellectual. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
  • TOMICHE, Nada. Historie de la littérature romanesque de l´Égypte moderne. París: G.-P. Maisonneuve et Larose, 1981.
  • VIAL, Charles. Le personnage de la femme dans le roman et la nouvelle en Egypt de 1914-1960. Damasco: Institut Français de Damas, 1979.
  • VIAL, Charles. “Al-‘Aqqâd (1889-1964)”. Arabica, XI (1964), pp. 213-216.
  • WESSELS, Antoine. A modern Arabic biography of Muhammad. A critical study of Muhammad Husayn Haykal’s Hayat Muhammad. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1972.
  • WIET, Gaston. Introduction à la littérature arabe. París: Maisonneuve et Larose, 1966.
  • ŶABALĀWĪ, Muḥammad Ṭāhir al-. Maʻa al-ʻAqqād. Fī ẓill al-ʻaqīda al-waṭaniyya. El Cairo: Maktaba al-Anŷlu al-Miṣrīya, 1970.
  • ŶABALĀWĪ, Muḥammad Ṭāhir al-. Maʻa al-ʻAqqād. Fī subuḥāt al-ḥubb wa-l-ŷamāl. El Cairo: Maktaba al-Anŷlu al-Miṣrīya, 1970.
  • ŶABALĀWĪ, Muḥammad Ṭāhir al-. Min ḏikrayātī fī suḥba al-ʻAqqād. El Cairo: Maktaba al-Anŷlu al-Miṣrīya, 1968.
  • ŶABALĀWĪ, Muḥammad Ṭāhir al-. “Al-ʻAqqād kamā ʻaraftu-hu”. Al-Ṯaqāfa, 40 (21 abril 1964), p. 51.
  • YŪSUF, Fāṭima al-. Dikrayāt. El Cairo: Maktaba Rūz al-Yūsuf, 1976.
  • ZUBAYDĪ, A. M. Kh. al-. “The Dīwān School”. Journal of Arabic Literature, 1/1 (1970), pp. 36-48.
  • ZUBAYDĪ, A. M. Kh. al-. Al-ʻAḳḳād´s critical theories, with special reference to his relationship with the Dīwān school and to the influence of European writers upon him. Tesis doctoral inédita defendida en la Universidad de Edimburgo, 1966.