¿Influyen las respuestas psicológicas y la experiencia en el rendimiento físico del árbitro de fútbol?

  1. Muñoz-Arjona, Cristóbal 1
  2. Fernandes, Bruno Ricardo 2
  3. Dos Santos, Tito Daniel 2
  4. Castillo-Rodríguez, Alfonso 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Granada (España)
  2. 2 Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra (Portugal)
Revista:
Aloma: revista de psicologia, ciències de l'educació i de l'esport

ISSN: 1138-3194

Año de publicación: 2021

Título del ejemplar: Aloma

Volumen: 39

Número: 1

Páginas: 65-72

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.51698/ALOMA.2021.39.1.65-72 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: Aloma: revista de psicologia, ciències de l'educació i de l'esport

Resumen

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre variables psicológicas precompetición y respuestas  físico-fisiológicas  durante  la  competición  de  árbitros  de  fútbol  semiprofesionales.  Participaron  153  árbitros  (edad M= 23.2; SD = 4.8 años; experiencia M = 6.0; SD = 4.5 años). Se utilizaron los cuestionarios CSAI-2 y Rosenberg antes del partido y se recogieron datos del rendimiento del partido con dispositivos GPS. Los resultados mostraron que los árbitros experimentados presentaron menores puntuaciones en respuestas psicológicas negativas y mayores, en positivas (p < .01). Este grupo desarrolló mayores valores en distancia recorrida y frecuencia cardíaca superior al 95% de su frecuencia cardíaca máxima (p < .05; d > .70). Como conclusión, los árbitros experimentados tienen mayor control emocional, que propicia mejores resultados físico-fisiológicos y permite posicionarse más cerca de las jugadas conflictivas, lo que facilita tomar decisiones acertadas. Se recomienda aplicar programas de intervención para ayudar a árbitros más noveles a afrontar la competición e introducir herramientas tecnológicas en categorías nacionales no profesionales, como el videoarbitraje para subsanar errores manifiestos. Todo ello ayudará a los árbitros en su capacidad psico-físico-fisiológica y aumentará su índice de acierto.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Ade, J., Fitzpatrick, J., & Bradley, P. S. (2016). Highintensity efforts in elite soccer matches and associated movement patterns, technical skills and tactical actions. Information for position-specific training drills. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(24), 2205–2214. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1217343
  • Atienza, F. L., Moreno, Y., & Balaguer, I. (2000). An Analysis of the Dimensionality of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale in a sample of Valencian Adolescents. Revista de Psicología, 22(12), 29-42.
  • Auweele, Y. V., De-Cuyper, B., Van-Mele, V., & Rzewnicky, R. (1993). Elite performance and personality: From description and prediction to diagnosis and Intervention. En R. N. Singer, M. Murphey, y L. K. Tennant (eds.), Handbook of Research on Sport Psychology (pp. 257-299). Macmillan.
  • Bacanac, L., Milicevic-Marinkovic, B., Kasum, G., & Marinkovic, M. (2014). Competitive anxiety, selfconfidence and psychological skills in top athletes with and without disabilities: pilot study. Facta Universitatis, Series: Physical Education and Sport, 59-70. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413209708406488
  • Bradley, P. S., & Ade, J. (2018). Are Current Physical Match Performance Metrics in Elite Soccer Fit for Purpose or is the Adoption of an Integrated Approach Needed? International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0433
  • Bradley, P. S., Archer, D. T., Hogg, B., Schuth, G., Bush, M., Carling, C., & Barnes, C. (2016). Tier-specific evolution of match performance characteristics in the English Premier League: it’s getting tougher at the top. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(10), 980–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1082614
  • Casamichana, D., Castellano, J., & Castagna, C. (2012). Comparing the physical demands of friendly matches and small-sided games in semiprofessional soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26, 837–843. https://doi.org/10.1519/ JSC.0b013e31822a61cf
  • Castillo-Rodríguez, A., Cano-Cáceres, F. J., Figueiredo, A., & Fernández-García, J. C. (2020). Train Like You Compete? Physical and Physiological Responses on Semi-Professional Soccer Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 756. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030756
  • Castillo-Rodríguez, A., López-Aguilar, J., & Alonso-Arbiol, I. (2020). Relación entre respuestas físico-fisiológicas y psicológicas en árbitros de fútbol amateur. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, ahead of print.
  • Chamberlain, S. T., & Hale, B. D. (2007). Competitive state anxiety and selfconfidence: Intensity and direction as relative predictors of performance on a golf putting task. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 20(2), 197-207. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615800701288572
  • Coudevylle, G. R., Gernigon, C., & Martin, K. A. (2011). Self-esteem, self-confidence, anxiety and claimed self-handicapping: A mediational analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 12, 670-675. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.05.008
  • Craft, L. L., Magyar, T. M., Becker, B. J., & Feltz, D. L. (2003). The relationship between the competitive state anxiety inventory-2 and sport performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 25(1), 44-65. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.25.1.44
  • De Campos, L. C. C., de Athayde Costa, A., dos Santos, L. T. F., Costa, L. T., Montagner, P. C., Borin, J. P., & Gorla, J. I. (2013). Effects of training in physical fitness and body composition of the brazilian 5-a-side football team. Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte, 6(3), 91-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1888- 7546(13)70041-8
  • Dosil, J. (2002). The sports psychologist. Advice and intervention. Madrid: Síntesis
  • Dufour, W. (1993). Computer assisted scouting in soccer. Science and Football II, 160-166.
  • Errekagorri, I., Castellano, J., Echeazarra, I., & Lago-Peñas, C. (2020). The effects of the Video Assistant Referee system (VAR) on the playing time, technical-tactical and physical performance in elite soccer. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 20(5), 808–817. do i:10.1080/24748668.2020.1788350
  • Fernández-Elías, V. E., Gómez-López, M. De la Vega, R., & Clemente-Suárez, V. J. (2017). Physical demands, heart rate response and performance of talent football referees. Medicina dello Sport, 70(4), 447-456. https:// doi.org/10.23736/S0025-7826.17.03076-9
  • Fernández-García, J. C., Castillo-Rodríguez, A., & Onetti-Onetti, W. (2019). Influencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad sobre la fuerza en la infancia. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 36(5), 1055-1060. http://dx.doi. org/10.20960/nh.02596
  • García, A., Estrany, B., & Cruz, J. (2004). How to collect information in psychology of physical activity and the sport: three examples and some considerations? Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 4(1-2), 129-151.
  • Grossbard, J. R., Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., & Cumming, S. P. (2009). Competitive anxiety in young athletes: Differentiating somatic anxiety, worry and concentration disruption. Anxiety, Stress and Coping, 22(2), 153-166. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615800802020643
  • Guillén, F., & Feltz, D. L. (2011). A conceptual model of referee efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 25. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00025
  • Hanton, S., Neil, R., Mellaliu, S. D., & Fletcher, D. (2008). Competitive experience and performance status: An investigation into multidimensional anxiety and coping. European Journal of Sport Science, 8(3), 143-152. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390801987984
  • Impellizzeri, F. M., Rampinini, E., Coutts, A. J., Sassi, A. L. D. O., & Marcora, S. M. (2004). Use of RPE-based training load in soccer. Medicine & Science in sports & exercise, 36(6), 1042-1047. https://doi.org/10.1249/01. MSS.0000128199.23901.2F
  • Jenner, S. L., Devlin, B. L., Forsyth, A. K., & Belski, R. (2019). Dietary intakes of professional Australian football league women’s (AFLW) athletes during a preseason training week. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 22(11), 1266-1271. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jsams.2019.06.014
  • Jones, G. (1995). More than just a game: research developments and issues in competitive anxiety in sport. British Journal of Psychology, 86(4), 449-478. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8295.1995.tb02565.x
  • Jones, G., & Hanton, S. (1996). Interpretation of competitive anxiety symptoms and goal attainment expectancies. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 18(2), 144-157. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.18.2.144
  • Junge, A., & Feddermann-Demont, N. (2016). Prevalence of depression and anxiety in top-level male and female football players. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 2(1), e000087. https://doi.org/10.1136/ bmjsem-2015-000087
  • Kais, K., & Raudsepp, L. (2005). Intensity and direction of competitive state anxiety, self-confidence and athletic performance. Kinesiology, 37(1). 13-20.
  • Lago-Peñas, C., Rey, E., & Kalén, A. (2019). How does Video Assistant Referee (VAR) modify the game in elite soccer?. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 19(4), 646-653. https://doi.org/10. 1080/24748668.2019.1646521
  • Loghmani, M., Taylor, T., & Ramzaninejad, R. (2018). Job characteristics and psychological states of football referees: implications for job enrichment. Managing Sport and Leisure, 1, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/2 3750472.2018.1426488
  • Mallo-Sainz, J., García-Aranda-Encinar, J. M., & Navarro-Cabello, E. (2006). Análisis del rendimiento físico de los árbitros de fútbol durante partidos de competición oficial. European Journal of Human Movement, 17, 25-40.
  • Malone, J. J., Di Michele, R., Morgans, R., Burgess, D., Morton, J. P., & Drust, B. (2015). Seasonal trainingload quantification in elite English premier league soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(4), 489–97. https://doi. org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0352
  • Martens, R., Vealey, R. S., & Burton, D. (1990). Competitive Anxiety in Sport. Human Kinetics.
  • Medina-Cantalejo, L. (2017). Visión del arbitraje profesional en España. En Jiménez-Soto, I. (Eds), Los retos del deporte profesional y profesionalizado en la sociedad actual (pp. 173-192). Editorial Reus.
  • Mellalieu, S. D., Hanton, S., & O’Brien, M. (2004). Intensity and direction of competitive anxiety as a function of sport type and experience. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 14(5), 326-334. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2004.00389.x
  • Mellalieu, S. D., Neil, R., & Hanton, S. (2006). Self- Confidence as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Competitive Anxiety Intensity and Interpretation. Research Quarterly for Exercise & Sport, 77(2), 263-270. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2006.1 0599359
  • Mesagno, C., Harvey, J. T., & Janelle, C. M. (2012). Choking under pressure: The role of fear of negative evaluation. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 13, 60-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2011.07.007
  • Mohr, M., Krustrup, P., & Bangsbo, J. (2003). Match performance of high-standard soccer players with special reference to development of fatigue. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(7), 519-528. https://doi. org/10.1080/0264041031000071182
  • Molina, J., Chorot, P., Valiente, R. M., & Sandín, B. (2014). Fear of negative evaluation and self-esteem as predictors of sport performance: The mediational role of anxiety and selfconfidence states. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 14(3), 57-66. https://doi. org/10.4321/S1578-84232014000300007
  • Montero, P., Rueda, B., & Bermúdez, J. (2012). Relationship of type D personality and vital exhaustion with negative emotions and psychological adjustment to heart disease. Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 17(2), 93-106.
  • Montesano, P., Di Silvestro, M., Cipriani, G., & Mazzeo, F. (2019). Overtraining syndrome, stress and nutrition in football amateur athletes. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 14(4), 957-969. https://doi. org/10.14198/jhse.2019.14.Proc4.58
  • Muñoz-Arjona, C., & Castillo-Rogríguez, A. (2020). Attitude vs. Aptitude. Effect of psychological responses on soccer referees. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 51(1), 69-81. https://doi.org/10.7352/ IJSP.2019.50
  • O’Donoghue, P. (2013). Statistics for sport and exercise studies: An introduction. New York: Routledge. https:// doi.org/10.4324/9780203133507
  • Onetti-Onetti, W., Álvarez-Kurogi, L., & Castillo-Rodríguez, A. (2019). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet pattern and self-concept in adolescents. Nutrición Hospitalaria , 36(3), 658-664. http://dx.doi. org/10.20960/nh.2214
  • Owen, A. L., Lago-Peñas, C., Gómez, M. Á., Mendes, B., & Dellal, A. (2017). Analysis of a training mesocycle and positional quantification in elite European soccer players. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching , 12(5), 665–676. https://doi. org/10.1177/1747954117727851
  • Payyappalli, V. M., & Zhuang, J. (2019). A data-driven integer programming model for soccer clubs´decision making on player transfers. Environment Systems and Decisions, 39(4), 466-481. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10669-019-09721-7
  • Petersen, C., Pyne, D., Portus, M., & Dawson, B. (2009). Validity and reliability of GPS units to monitor cricket-specific movement patterns. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 4(3), 381- 393. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.4.3.381
  • Randers, M. B., Nielsen, J. J., Krustrup, B. R., Sundstrup, E., Jakobsen, M. D., Nybo, L., & Krustrup, P. (2010). Positive performance and health effects of a football training program over 12 weeks can be maintained over a 1-year period with reduced training frequency. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20, 80-89. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01091.x
  • Rodrigo, G., Lusiardo, M., & Pereira, G. (1990). Relationship between anxiety and performance in soccer players. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 21(2), 112-120.
  • Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self image. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400876136
  • Rosnet, E. (2000). Coping strategies and performance in fencing. International Journal of Psychology, 35(3-4), 232-232
  • Sandín, B., Chorot, P., Lostao, L., & Valiente, R.M. (2012). Screening del cáncer de mama: Afectación psicológica. UNED.
  • Scherr, J., Wolfarth, B., Christle, J. W., Pressler, A., Wagenpfeil, S., & Halle, M. (2013). Associations between Borg’s rating of perceived exertion and physiological measures of exercise intensity. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 113(1), 147-155. https://doi. org/10.1007/s00421-012-2421-x
  • Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R. (2001). Agepredicted maximal heart rate revisited. Journal of American College of Cardioly, 37(1), 153-156.
  • Vealey, R. S. (1986). Conceptualization of sport-confidence and competitive orientation: Preliminary investigation and instrument development. Journal of Sport Psychology, 8(3), 221-246. https://doi.org/10.1123/ jsp.8.3.221
  • Walker, A., Arent, M., McFadden, B., & Arent, S. (2019). Physical Performance Testing in Soccer. Elite Soccer Players: Maximizing Performance and Safety, 137. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429465536-8
  • Weinberg, R. S., & Richardson, P. A. (1990). Psychology of Officiating. Champaign, IL.: Leisure Press. https:// doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.45.12.1325
  • Woodman, T., & Hardy, L. (2003). The relative impact of cognitive anxiety and self-confidence upon sport performance: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sports Sciences, 21(6), 443-457. https://doi.org/10.1080/0264041031000101809
  • Woolf, K., Bidwell, W. K., & Carlson, A. G. (2009). Effect of caffeine as an ergogenic aid during anaerobic exercise performance in caffeine naive collegiate football players. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(5), 1363-1369. https://doi.org/10.1519/ JSC.0b013e3181b3393b
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet