Factores del entorno influyentes en los sistemas de garantía

Laburpena

Palabras clave: sistemas de garantía, financiación de la PYME, política pública, calidad de la información, sistema legal. 1. introducción o motivación de la tesis Las micro y pequeñas y medianas empresas (mpymes) son los principales agentes económicos para el desarrollo económico de una región. Sin embargo, su reducida dimensión, escaso nivel de garantías y la asimetría en la información, les hace estar sujetas a la dificultad de acceso a financiación con la que poder seguir creciendo y contribuyendo a la creación de empleos y riqueza del país. Las políticas públicas y privadas vuelcan sus esfuerzos en el fortalecimiento de estos agentes económicos 2.contenido de la investigación Esta tesis se centra en el estudio de como los factores instituciones, sistema financiero y legal/administrativo, afectan al desarrollo de los Sistemas de Garantía de Crédito. Los sistemas conceden garantías en favor de las pymes facilitándole su acceso a la financiación de los bancos. Este trabajo empírico se realiza sobre una muestra de sistemas, en el periodo 2004-2016, en 39 países en desarrollo y desarrollados de Latinoamérica y Europa. Los datos interrelacionan dos fuentes: por un lado, las estadísticas de los propios sistemas de Latinoamérica y Europa. Por otro, la información sobre la infraestructura económica de los países recogida por el World Bank. Las variables a explicar se refieren a la difusión del sistema y a su estrategia. El volumen de garantías sobre PIB y el número de pymes beneficiadas se refieren a la difusión. Por su parte, el importe medio de las garantías ofrecidas y las rotaciones de cartera describen la estrategia del sistema. Como variables independientes, esta investigación ha seleccionado la calidad de la información financiera, la información crediticia compartida, la velocidad con la que se hacen cumplir los contratos en caso de reclamación judicial por impago, la red bancaria, el crédito bancario del país, el grado de eficiencia del sistema financiero (medido por el diferencial de los tipos de interés de los préstamos menos los depósitos) y el PIB per cápita. 3.conclusión La calidad de la información financiera es necesaria para el desarrollo de los sistemas de garantía. La actividad de los sistemas de garantía trata de desplegar más actividad donde la protección de los derechos de crédito es menor, lo que revela el predominio del objetivo de adicionalidad. Por su parte, el sistema decide el importe medio de la garantía desde un prisma de sostenibilidad, en función del nivel de protección de los derechos legales. 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