Efecto de un programa de entrenamiento sobre la salud cardiovascular en cáncer de mamauna propuesta de estudio

Resumen

After treatment with chemotherapy, there is a risk of cardiovascular diseases caused by cardiotoxicity. These can affect the heart directly or indirectly through the modulation that the autonomous nervous system exercises on it. In addition, there is a relationship between the autonomic nervous system and heart rate variability (HRV), since when sympathetic activity increases there is a decrease in HRV, which in the resting state is an indicator of poor cardiovascular fitness. This could be counteracted by physical exercise since it has been proven that exercise has beneficial effects on HRV of people with cardiovascular complications. Therefore, the aim of this study is to conduct a research proposal on the effects of a physical exercise program on the cardiovascular health of a patient with breast cancer. Method: A pre - test, a monitoring of 4 months long and a post - test would be carried out, which would include the following measurements: heart rate variability, heart rate, blood pressure and cineanthropometry. Results: The training proposal consists of resistance, strength and range of motion exercises for 3 days per week. The resistance exercises would be executed at an intensity of 60 - 90% VO2max. Strength exercises at an intensity of 60 - 70% RM, 2 sets, 8 - 10 repetitions and 2 minutes of rest between sets. Finally, exercises of range of motion, which consist of 2 series with a duration of 15 to 20 seconds each exercise. Discussion: the treatment causes multiple side effects, such as cardiotoxicity. For this reason, it is advisable to practice physical exercise, as it has significant effects on the heart rate variability with patients with cardiovascular problems and thus, with the proposal of physical exercise, cardioprotective factors would be increased. Conclusion: further studies are still needed to establish the parameters to follow in patients with breast cancer and studies that show the effect of them. However, literature suggests that the physical exercise of resistance and strength, before, during and after treatment, combining high and moderate intensity, improves, protects and acquires a greater tolerance to myocardial toxicity, thus increasing cardioprotective factors, decreasing cardiotoxicity and improving the quality of life of the patient.