Characterizing spatial structure of Abies marocana forest through point pattern analysis

  1. Mariem Ben-Said 1
  2. Abdelilah Ghallab 2
  3. Hajar Lamrhari 1
  4. José Antonio Carreira 3
  5. Juan Carlos Linares 4
  6. Lahcen Taïqui 1
  1. 1 Abdelmalek Essaâdi University
    info

    Abdelmalek Essaâdi University

    Tetuán, Marruecos

    ROR https://ror.org/03c4shz64

  2. 2 Direction Régionale des Eaux et Forêts et de la Lutte Contre la Désertification du Rif
  3. 3 Universidad de Jaén
    info

    Universidad de Jaén

    Jaén, España

    ROR https://ror.org/0122p5f64

  4. 4 Universidad Pablo de Olavide
    info

    Universidad Pablo de Olavide

    Sevilla, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02z749649

Mostrar afiliaciones +
Revista:
Forest systems

ISSN: 2171-5068

Año de publicación: 2020

Volumen: 29

Número: 2

Páginas: 134-146

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.5424/FS/2020292-16754 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Forest systems

Resumen

Aim of study: Understanding small-scale patterns caused by stochastic factors or community interactions driving forest structure and diversity of Moroccan fir Abies marocana Trab. Area of study: Talassemtane fir forest, Talassemtane National Park, Rif Mountains, northern Morocco. Material and methods: Eight plots representative of the structural variability of A. marocana forests were selected, and all tree individuals with diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥2 cm were mapped and measured. We performed four types of spatial point pattern analyses: (1) Univariate analyses to explore the overall trees spatial pattern, (2) bivariate analyses to assess the spatial relationship between juveniles and A. marocana adults, (3) correlation between tree sizes (dbh) and distance between points pairs using the univariate mark correlation function, and (4) random labeling analyses between dominant and suppressed Moroccan fir individuals to assess competition patterns. Main results: We found a strong spatial aggregation of fir individuals and a positive intraspecific association between juveniles and adult trees. However, there were weak but significant distance-dependent effect on tree size and density-dependent effect on suppression pattern. Research highlights: Shade-tolerance, seed dispersal and/or microsite heterogeneity might play important roles in the observed fir patterns. Our results provide a basic knowledge on within-stand Moroccan fir spatial distribution, with implications for adaptive management of these relic forests, and prompting to further research to test advanced hypotheses.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Aafi A, 2000. Floristic diversity of Morocco's fir ecosystem (Abies maroccana Trab.) (Talassemtane National Park). Nature et Faune 18 (1): 15-19.
  • Abellanas B, Pérez-Moreno PJ, 2018. Assessing spatial dynamics of a Pinus nigra subsp. salzmannii natural stand combining point and polygon patterns analysis. For Ecol Manage 424: 136-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.04.050
  • Alaoui ML, Knees S, Gardner M, 2011. Abies pinsapo var. marocana, Moroccan Fir. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: E.T34126A9841418. URL:
  • ">http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/34126/0
  • Arista M, Talavera S, 1994. Phenology and anatomy of the reproductive phase of Abies pinsapo Boiss. (Pinaceae). B J Linn Soc 116: 223-234. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1994.tb00431.x
  • Baumer M, 1977. Le sapin du Maroc. R.F .F ., XXIX: 343-354. https://doi.org/10.4267/2042/21153
  • Benabid A, 1982. Etude phytoécologique, biogéographique et dynamique des associations sylvatiques du Rif occidental. Problémes posés par la réforestation et l'aménagement des peuplements forestiers actuels. Doctoral thesis, Université St Jérome-Marseille.
  • Benabid A, 2000. Flore et écosystèmes du Maroc: Évaluation et préservation. Ibis Press, Paris, France. 359 pp.
  • Benabid A, 2002. Le Rif et le Moyen-Atlas (Maroc): Biodiversité, Menaces, Préservation. Mountains High Summit Conference for Africa. UNEP, Kenya (Nairobi) May 6-10.
  • Benjelloun H, 1993. Soil genesis, classification, and nitrogen cycling in forest ecosystems of the Northwestern Rif region of Morocco. Doctoral thesis, Oregon State University, USA.
  • Buongiorno J., Dahir S., Lu H.C., and Lin C.R., 1994. Tree size diversity and economic returns in uneven-aged forest stands. For Sci 40: 83-103.
  • Camarero JJ, Gutiérrez E, Fortin MJ, 2000. Spatial pattern of subalpine forest-alpine grassland ecotones in the Spanish Central Pyrenees. For Ecol Manage 134: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1127(99)00241-8
  • Carrer M, Soraruf L, Lingua E, 2013. Convergent space - time tree regeneration patterns along an elevation gradient at high altitude in the Alps. For Ecol Manage 304: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2013.04.025
  • Carrer M, Castagneri D, Popa I, Pividori M, Lingua E, 2018. Tree spatial patterns and stand attributes in temperate forests: The importance of plot size, sampling design, and null model. For Ecol Manage 407: 125-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2017.10.041
  • Castello J D, Cale JA, Angelo CMD, Linares JC, 2016. Baseline Mortality Analysis Reveals Legacy of Contrasting Land Use Practices on the Structural Sustainability of Endangered Moroccan and Spanish Mountain Forests. Forests 7: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/f7080172
  • Chave J, 2000. Dynamique spatio-temporelle de la forêt tropicale. Ann Phys Fr 25: 1-184. https://doi.org/10.1051/anphys:200006001
  • Churchill DJ, Larson AJ, Dahlgreen MC, Franklin JF, Hessburg PF, Lutz JA, 2013. Restoring forest resilience: From reference spatial patterns to silvicultural prescriptions and monitoring. For Ecol Manage 291: 442-457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2012.11.007
  • Cordero I, Jiménez MD, Delgado JA, Villegas L, Balaguer L, 2016. Spatial and demographic structure of tara stands (Caesalpinia spinosa) in Peru: Influence of present and past forest management. For Ecol Manage 377: 71-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.06.034
  • Dering M, Sękiewicz K, Boratyńska K, Litkowiec M, Iszkuło G, Romo A, Boratyńska A, 2014. Genetic diversity and inter-specific relations of western Mediterranean relic Abies taxa as compared to the Iberian A. alba. Flora 209: 367-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2014.03.011
  • De Luis M, Raventós J, Wiegand T, Gonzailez-hidalgo JC, 2008. Temporal and Spatial Differentiation in Seedling Emergence May Promote Species Coexistence in Mediterranean Fire-Prone Ecosystems. Ecography 31: 620-629. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-7590.2008.05433.x
  • Erfanifard Y, Stereńczak K, 2017. Intra- and interspecific interactions of Scots pine and European beech in mixed secondary forests. Acta Oecol 78: 15-25 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2016.12.002
  • Erfanifard Y, Nguyen HH, Schmidt JP, Rayburn A, 2018. Fine-scale intraspecific interactions and environmental heterogeneity drive the spatial structure in old-growth stands of a dioecious tree. For Ecol Manage 425: 92-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.05.041
  • Farjon A, 2010. A Handbook of the World's Conifers. Koninklijkr Brill NV, Leiden. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789047430629
  • Fennane M, Ibn Tattou M, Mathez J, Ouyahya A, El Oualidi J, 1999. Flore pratique du Maroc. Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, Angiospermae (Lauraceae - Neuradaceae). Travaux de l'Institut Scientifique série Botanique, Agdal, Rabat. 559 pp.
  • Gadow K, Zhang CY, Wehenkel C, Pommerening A, Corral-Rivas J, Korol M, Myklush S, Hui GY, Kiviste A, Zhao XH, 2012. Forest Structure and Diversity. In: Continuous Cover Forestry; Pukkala T, Gadow VK, (Eds). Springer Netherlands: Dordrecht, The Netherlands pp 29-83. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2202-6_2
  • García-Cervigón AI, Velázquez E, Wiegand T, Escudero A, Olano JM, 2017. Colonization in Mediterranean old-fields: the role of dispersal and tree - tree interactions. J Veget Sci, 28, 627-638. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12500
  • Gavrikov V, Stoyan D, 1995. The use of marked point processes in ecological and environmental forest studies. Environ Ecol Stat 2: 331-344. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00569362
  • Getzin S, Dean C, He F, Trofymow JA, Wiegand K, Wiegand T, 2006. Spatial patterns and competition of tree species in a Douglas-fir chronosequence on Vancouver Island. Ecography 29: 671-682. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0906-7590.04675.x
  • Getzin S, Wiegand K, Schumacher J, Gougeon A, 2008. Scale-dependent competition at the stand level assessed from crown areas. For Ecol Manage 255: 2478-2485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.01.007
  • Ghallab A, Taïqui L, 2015. Modélisation de la distribution spatiale des paramètres bioclimatiques dans la région Tanger- Tétouan (Rif occidental). Eur Sci J 11: 1857-7881.
  • Goreaud F, Pélissier R, 2003. Avoiding misinterpretation of biotic interactions with the intertype-function: population independence vs. random labeling hypothesis. J Veget Sci 14: 681-692. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1654-1103.2003.tb02200.x
  • Illian J, Penttinen A, Stoyan H, Stoyan D, 2008. Statistical Analysis and Modelling of Spatial Point Patterns. International Statistical Review. John Wiley, New York, USA. 534 pp. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470725160
  • Janík D, Král K, Adam D, Hort L, Samonil P, Unar P, Vrska T, Mcmahon S, 2016. Tree spatial patterns of Fagus sylvatica expansion over 37 years. For Ecol Manage 375: 134-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.05.017
  • Jácome-Flores ME, Delibes M, Wiegand T, Fedriani JM, 2016. Spatial patterns of an endemic Mediterranean palm recolonizing old fields. Ecol Evol 6: 8556-8568 https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.2504
  • Law R, Illian J, Burslem DFRP, Gratzer G, Gunatilleke CVS, Gunatilleke IAUN, 2009. Ecoogical information from satial patterns of plants: Insights from point process theory. J Ecol 97: 616-628. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01510.x
  • Legendre P, Legendre L, 1998. Numerical Ecology (2nd English edn). Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier. 853 pp.
  • LeMay V, Pommerening A, Marshall P, 2009. Spatio-temporal structure of multi-storied, multi-aged interior Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) stands. J Ecol 97: 1062-1074. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01542.x
  • Linares JC, 2011. Biogeography and evolution of Abies (Pinaceae) in the Mediterranean Basin: The roles of long-term climatic change and glacial refugia. J Biogeogr 38: 619-630. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02458.x
  • Linares JC, Camarero JJ, Carreir JA, 2010. Competition modulates the adaptation capacity of forests to climatic stress: insights from recent growth decline and death in relict stands of the Mediterranean fir Abies pinsapo. J Ecol 98: 592-603. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01645.x
  • Linares JC, Carreira JA, Ochoa V, 2011. Human impacts drive forest structure and diversity. Insights from Mediterranean mountain forest dominated by Abies pinsapo (Boiss.). European J For Res 130: 533-542. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-010-0441-9
  • Loosmore NB, Ford ED, 2006. Statistical inference using the g or k point pattern spatial statistics. Ecology 87: 1925-1931. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2006)87[1925:SIUTGO]2.0.CO;2
  • Médail F, Diadema K, 2009. Glacial refugia influence plant diversity patterns in the Mediterranean Basin. J Biogeogr 36: 1333-1345. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2008.02051.x
  • Melhaoui Y, 1990. Etude phytoécologique, productivilé et classes de croissance du Sapin du Maroc (Abies maroccana Trab.). Problématique de la régénération naturelle des peuplements de la sapiniére marocaine. Doctoral thesis, Aix-Marseille III Univ, Aix-Marseille, France.
  • Motta R, Edouard JL, 2005. Stand structure and dynamics in a mixed and multilayered forest in the Upper Susa Valley, Piedmont, Italy. Can J For Res 36: 21-36. https://doi.org/10.1139/x04-153
  • Navarro-Cerrillo RM, Manzanedo RD, Rodriguez-Vallejo C, Gazol A, Palacios-Rodríguez G, Camarero JJ, 2020. Competition modulates the response of growth to climate in pure and mixed Abies pinsapo subsp. Maroccana forests in northern Morocco. For Ecol Manage 459: 117847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117847
  • Raventós J, Wiegand T, De Luis M, 2010. Evidence for the spatial segregation hypothesis : a test with nine-year survivorship data in a Mediterranean shrubland. Ecology: 91: 2110-2120. https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0385.1
  • Raventós J, Mujica E, Wiegand T, Bonet A, 2011. Analyzing the Spatial Structure of Broughtonia cubensis (Orchidaceae) Populations in the Dry Forests of Guanahacabibes, Cuba. Biotropica 43: 173-182. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00684.x
  • Ripley BD, 1977. Modelling Spatial Patterns. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society 39: 172-212. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1977.tb01615.x
  • Sánchez-Salguero R, Camarero JJ, Carrer M, Gutiérrez E, Alla AQ, Andreu-Hayles L, Hevia A, Koutavas A, Martínez-Sancho E, Nola P, et al., 2017. Climate extremes and predicted warming threaten Mediterranean Holocene firs forests refugia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 114: 10142-10150. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708109114
  • Schall P, Schulze ED, Fischer M, Ayasse M, Ammer C, 2018. Relations between forest management, stand structure and productivity across different types of Central European forests. Basic App Ecol: 32: 39-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2018.02.007
  • Sękiewicz K, Sękiewicz M, Jasińska AK, Boratyńska K, Iszkuło G, Romo A, Boratyński A, 2013. Morphological diversity and structure of West Mediterranean Abies species. Plant Biosyst 147: 125-134. https://doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2012.753130
  • Stoyan D, Stoyan H, 1994. Fractals, random shapes and point fields. Methods of geometrical gtatistics. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK. 394 pp.
  • Szmyt J, 2014. Spatial statistics in ecological analysis: From indices to functions. Silva Fennica 48: 1-31. https://doi.org/10.14214/sf.1008
  • Taïqui L, 2005. Evolution récente de la structure du paysage du Bassin de Chefchaouen (1958-1986). Mutations Des Milieux Ruraux Dans Les Montagnes Rifaines (Maroc), Série Etudes Spatiales 2: 1-19.
  • Velázquez E, Martínez I, Getzin S, Moloney KA, Wiegand T, 2016. An evaluation of the state of spatial point pattern analysis in ecology. Ecography 39: 001-014. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.01579
  • Wiegand T, Gunatilleke S, Gunatilleke N, 2007. Species Associations in a Heterogeneous Sri Lankan Dipterocarp Forest. Am Nat 170: E77-E95. https://doi.org/10.1086/521240
  • Wiegand T, Moloney KA, 2014. Handbook of Spatial Point- Pattern Analysis in Ecology. Chapman and Hall/CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 212-234 pp. https://doi.org/10.1201/b16195
  • Wiegand T, Moloney KA, 2004. Rings, circles, and null-models for point pattern analysis in ecology. Oikos 2: 209-229. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2004.12497.x
  • Zenner EK, Peck JE, 2009. Characterizing structural conditions in mature managed red pine: Spatial dependency of metrics and adequacy of plot size. For Ecol Manage 257: 311-320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.09.006
  • Zhang C, Wei Y, Zhao X, Gadow KV, 2013. Spatial characteristics of tree diameter distributions in a temperate old-growth forest. PLoS ONE 8: e58983. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0058983
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet