Empresas de comunicación, medios de comunicación y periodismomedición de la confianza en un medio de comunicación periodístico impreso peruano desde la perspectiva del lector

Resumen

The objective of the study is to propose a measuring instrument of Trust of a Peruvian print journalistic communication medium from the reader perspective. To this aim, an instrument based on authors' opinions, definitions and theories on Trust was designed. This led to the identification of 31 ítem organized in five groups of journalistic Trust. Content validity was assessed by 11 journalism and social communication experts, whose answers were analyzed through binomial tests. Construct validity was established by main component analysis which resulted in two components explaining 66.67% of the total variance. Component 1 explained 62,91% of the variance, while Component 2 was removed, since it only explained 3,76% of the variance. The remaining component, with 27 items, was confirmed by a second analysis (Determinant=7540-13; Kaiser Meyer Olkin=0.985; Bartlett's X2=16445628/351/p.=0.000), which explained 66,51% of the total variance. The construct was proven one-dimensional by the measuring instrument. Trust was determined by Cronbach's Alpha internal consistency coefficient, with a score of 0.980 indicating optimal reliability. After determining the validity and reliability of the instrument, the level of Trust of El Comercio newspaper -founded on May 4 1839 and currently regarded as the "Dean" of Peruvian national Press - was measured. Using K-medians clustering analysis, a sample of 600 subscribers was partitioned into two extremely differentiated clusters to establish a cutpoint allowing to define which cluster trusts the newspaper and which does not. Thus, it was possible to determine that 69,5% of el Comercio (print version) subscribers acknowledged journalistic trust attributes as reasons to trus the newspaper, while 30,5% did not.