Nacimiento, apogeo y destrucción de Siŷilmāsauna aproximación a la historia política de la ciudad de las caravanas durante los siglos medievales

  1. José Luis de Villar Iglesias
Journal:
Historia. Instituciones. Documentos

ISSN: 0210-7716

Year of publication: 2022

Issue: 49

Pages: 459-481

Type: Article

DOI: 10.12795/HID.2022.I49.16 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen access editor

More publications in: Historia. Instituciones. Documentos

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to synthesize the hectic political history of the ancient city of Sijilmasa from the middle of the 8th century until the 14th century. During these centuries this city was the main settlement in the oasis of Tafilalt, located in the southeast extreme of Morocco. For such a long period, Sijilmasa was the most important emporium in gold and slave trade coming from Western Sudan. With this synthesis, we expect to bring to light how the domination of the city of caravans was a strategic first level goal, shared by all political structures with imperial ambitions in the Islamic West during the medieval centuries.

Bibliographic References

  • Ajbār al-Zamān (1981), en Hopkins, John F. P. (trad.); Levtzion, Nehemia; Hop-kins, John F. P. (eds.), Corpus of early Arabic sources for West African history, Cambridge, pp. 33-37.
  • Al-Bakrī (1965), Description de l’Afrique septentrionale, (trad. y ed. Mc Guckin De Slane), París.
  • Blanchard, Ian (2001), Mining, Metallurgy and Minting in the Middle Ages. Vol. 1: Asiatic Supremacy, 425-1125; vol. 2: Afro-European Supremacy, 1125-1225; vol. 3: Continuing Afro-European Supremacy, 1250-1450, Sttutgart.
  • Bovill, Edward W. (1968), The Golden Trade of the Moors, Oxford.
  • Brett, Michael (1983), “Islam and Trade in the Bilād Al-Sūdān, Tenth-Eleventh Century A. D.”, The Journal of African History, 24-4, pp. 431-440.
  • Capel, Chloé (2019), “L’or africain et le paradoxe de Sijilmassa (Maroc-VIIIe-XIVe siècles). Atelier de frappe primordial, histoire méconnue”, en Nicolas Minvielle Larousse, Marie-Christine Bailly-Maître et Giovanna Bianchi (eds.), Les métaux précieux en Méditerranée médiévale. Exploitations, transformations, circulations, Actes du colloque International d’Aix-en-Provence des 6, 7 et 8 octobre 2016, Aix-en-Provence, pp. 243-260.
  • Caverly, R. William (2008), Hosting Dinasties and Faiths: Chronicling the Re-ligious History of a Medieval Moroccan Oasis City, Pennsylvania, Villanova University (tesis doctoral).
  • Devisse, Jean (1996), “Or d’Afrique”, Arabica, 43-1, pp. 234-243.
  • Guerra, Maria Filomena (2004), “The circulation of monetary gold in the Portu-guese area from the 5th century to nowadays” en Alicia Perea, Ignacio Montero y Óscar García-Vuelta (eds.), Tecnología del oro antiguo: Europa y América, Madrid, pp. 423-431.
  • Hrbek, Ivan (1992), “El surgimiento de los fatimíes”, en El Fasi, Mohammed (dir.), Historia General de África. África entre los siglos VII y XI, (vol. III), Madrid, pp. 327-347.
  • Huici Miranda, Ambrosio (2000), Historia Política del Imperio Almohade (ed. facsímil y estudio preliminar por E. Molina y V. C. Navarro), Granada.
  • Ibn Abī Zarʿ (1981), Kitāb al-anīs al-muṭrib bi-rawḍ al-qirṭās fi ajbār muluk al-maghrib wa tārīj madīnat Fās, en Hopkins, John F. P. (trad.); Levtzion, Nehemia; Hopkins, John F. P. (eds.), Corpus of early Arabic sources for West African history, Cambridge, pp. 234-248.
  • Ibn al-Aṯīr (1981), al-Kāmil fiʾl-tārīj, en Hopkins, John F. P. (trad.); Levtzion, Nehemia; Hopkins, John F. P. (eds.), Corpus of early Arabic sources for West African history, Cambridge, pp. 157-162.
  • Ibn al-Jaṭīb (1981), Al-Iḥāṭa fī ajbār Garnaṭa, en Hopkins, John F. P. (trad.); Levtzion, Nehemia; Hopkins, John F. P. (eds.), Corpus of early Arabic sources for West African history, Cambridge, pp. 306-308.
  • Ibn Baṭṭūṭa (1981), Riḥla, en Hopkins, John F. P. (trad.); Levtzion, Nehemia; Hop-kins, John F. P. (eds.), Corpus of early Arabic sources for West African history, Cambridge, pp. 279-304.
  • Ibn Ḥawqal (1981), Kitāb Ṣūrat al-arḍ, en Hopkins, John F. P. (trad.); Levtzion, Nehemia; Hopkins, John F. P. (eds.), Corpus of early Arabic sources for West African history, Cambridge, pp. 43-52.
  • Hazard, Harry W. (1952), The Numismatic History of Late Medieval North Africa, Nueva York.
  • Jacques-Meunié, Denise (1982), Le Maroc saharien des origins à 1670, París.
  • Ibn Jaldūn (1981), Kitāb al-ʿIbar, en Hopkins, John F. P. (trad.); Levtzion, Nehemia; Hopkins, John F. P. (eds.), Corpus of early Arabic sources for West African history, Cambridge, pp. 322-342.
  • Juan León Africano (2004), Descripción general del África y de las cosas peregrinas que allí hay (trad., int., notas e índices de S. Fanjul y N. Consolani), Granada.
  • Kassis, Hannah Emmanuel (1988), “Coinage of an enigmatic caliph. The Midrārid Muḥammad Ibn al-Fatḥ of Sijilmāsah”, Al-Qanṭara, 9-2, pp. 489-504.
  • Levtzion, Nehemia (1968), “Ibn-Ḥawqal, the Cheque, and Awdaghost”, The Journal of African History, 9-2, pp. 223-233.
  • Levtzion, Nehemia y Hopkins, John F. P. (1981), Corpus of Early Arabic Sources for West African History, Cambridge.
  • Lightfoot, Dale R. y Miller, James A. (1996), “Sijilmassa: The Rise and Fall of a Walled Oasis in Medieval Morocco”, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 86-1, pp. 78-101.
  • Love, Paul M. (2010), “The Sufris of Sijilmasa: toward a history of the Midrarids”, The Journal of North African Studies, 15-2, pp. 173-188.
  • Maíllo Salgado, Felipe (1996), Vocabulario de historia árabe e islámica, Madrid.
  • Manzano Rodríguez, Miguel Ángel (1992), La intervención de los benimerines en la Península Ibérica, Madrid.
  • Al-Masʿūdī (1981), Murūŷ al-ḏhahab wa-maʿādin al-ŷawhar, en Hopkins, John F. P. (trad.); Levtzion, Nehemia; Hopkins, John F. P. (eds.), Corpus of early Arabic sources for West African history, Cambridge, pp. 30-32.
  • Messier, Ronald A. (1974), “The Almoravids. West African Gold and Gold Cur-rency of the Mediterranean Basin”, Journal of the Economic and Social Histo-ry of the Orient, 17, pp. 31-47.
  • Messier, Ronald A. (1980), “Quantitative Analysis of Almoravid Dinars”, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, 23, pp. 102-118.
  • Messier, Ronald A. (1997), “Sijilmasa. Five seasons of archaeological inquiry by a joint Moroccan-American mission”, Archéologie islamique, 7, pp. 61-92.
  • Messier, Ronald A. y Fili, Abdallah (2002), “La ville caravanniere de Sijilmasa: du mythe historique a la réalité archéologique” en Torremocha, Antonio y Martínez Enamorado, Virgilio (coord.), Actas del II Congreso Internacional: La Ciudad en al-Andalus y el Magreb (1999), Granada, pp. 501-510.
  • Messier, Ronald A. y Fili, Abdallah (2011), “The earliest ceramics of Siǧilmāsa” en Cressier, Patrice y Fentress, Elizabeth (eds.), La Céramique Maghrébine du Haut Moyen Âge (VIIIe-Xe siècle): État des Recherches, Problèmes et Perspectives, Roma, pp. 129-146.
  • Messier, Ronald A. y Miller, James A. (2015), The last civilized place: Sijilmasa and its Saharan destiny. Austin.
  • Miller, James A. (2001), “Trading through Islam: the interconnections of Sijilmasa, Ghana and the Almoravid movement”, The Journal of North African Studies, 6-1, pp. 29-58.
  • Roux, Corinne y Guerra, Maria Filomena (2000), “La monnaie almoravide: de l’Afrique à l’Espagne”, Revue de Archéométrie, 24, pp. 39-52.
  • Sáenz-Díez de la Gándara, Juan Ignacio (1984), Las acuñaciones del califato de Córdoba en el norte de África. Madrid.Tāḥirī, Aḥmad (2007), Rīf al-Magrib y al-Andalus. Granada.
  • Al-ʿUmarī (1981), Masālik al-abṣār fī mamālik al-amṣār, en Hopkins, John F. P. (trad.); Levtzion, Nehemia; Hopkins, John F. P. (eds.), Corpus of early Arabic sources for West African history, Cambridge, p. 252-276.
  • Viguera Molins, María Jesús (1991), “Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥādī Abū l-Aŷfān, al-Imām Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad al-Maqqarī” (recensión), Anaquel de Estu-dios Árabes, 2, p. 371.
  • Viguera Molins, María Jesús (1997), “Historia política” en José María Jover (dir.), Historia de España de Ramón Menéndez Pidal. El retroceso territorial de al-Andalus. Almorávides y almohades, siglos XI al XII, Madrid, (vol. VIII-II), pp. 41-123.
  • Villar Iglesias, José Luis de (2017), Al-Andalus y las fuentes del oro, Córdoba.
  • Villar Iglesias, José Luis de (2020), “Los aspectos económicos en la batalla por el Magreb entre Omeyas y Fāṭimíes: el control del acceso al oro del Sudán Occidental”, Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie III. Historia Medieval, 33, pp. 653-676.
  • Wasserstein, David John (1992), “Problems in Midrārid coinage”, Al-Qanṭara, 7-1, pp. 25-45.
  • Al-Yaʿqūbī (1981), Kitāb al-buldān, en Hopkins, John F. P. (trad.); Levtzion, Nehemia; Hopkins, John F. P. (eds.), Corpus of early Arabic sources for West African history, Cambridge, p. 22.
Data source: Dialnet