Feminist Cyber-resistance to Digital ViolenceSurviving Gamergate

  1. Macarena Hanash Martínez
Revista:
Debats: Revista de cultura, poder i societat

ISSN: 0212-0585,  2530-3074

Año de publicación: 2020

Número: 5

Páginas: 287-302

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.28939/IAM.DEBATS-EN.2020-17 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Debats: Revista de cultura, poder i societat

Resumen

Women in cyberspace do not escape patriarchal violence and are subject to strict social control exercised through technological means. Cyber-violence especially affects women with an explicitly feminist presence in virtual spaces. Their participation in and advocacy of feminist values are considered a transgression of the patriarchal mandate, which seeks to exclude women from public spaces or, failing that, to marginalise them. That is why they are the targets of grave intimidation, harassment and threats. At the same time, digital networks have spawned a plethora of spaces for women’s collective, political and social action. Thus, online activity has played a key role in the resurgence and revitalisation of feminist communities and debates. This paper analyses the projects launched by Zoë Quinn and Anita Sarkeesian, two of the main targets of the Gamergate movement. We will study: (1) Crash Override and Speak Up & Stay Safe(r), a helpline and a resource platform for cyber-violence victims, respectively; (2) feminist cyber-resistance projects, within the framework of cyber-feminism and the current paradigm shift in the culture of protest and feminist organisation.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Amnesty International (20th November 2017). Unsocial Media: The Real Toll of Online Abuse against Women. In Medium. [Accessed: 10th September 2019]. https://medium.com/amnesty-insights/unsocial-media-the-real-tollof-online-abuse-against-women-37134ddab3f4
  • Banet-Weiser, S., and Miltner, K. M. (2016). #MasculinitySoFragile: Culture, Structure, and Networked Misogyny. Feminist Media Studies, 16(1), 171-174.
  • Campbell, C. (27th June 2017). Anita Sarkeesian’s Astounding ‘Garbage Human’ Moment. In Polygon. [Accessed: 4th September 2017] https://www.polygon.com/features/2017/6/27/15880582/anita-sarkeesian-garbage-humanvidcon-interview?utm_campaign=polygon&utm_content=chorus&utm_medium=social%20&utm_source=twitter.
  • Citron, D. (2014). Hate Crimes in Cyberspace. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • Crash Override (2019). Coach: Crash Override’s Automated Cybersecurity Helper. [Accessed: 4th September 2019]. http://www.crashoverridenetwork.com/coach.html
  • Cockburn, H. (14th May 2019). Milkshake thrown at UKIP Candidate Who Made Rape Remarks about Labour MP. Independent. 10th September 2019. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/carl-benjaminmilkshake-thrown-totnes-ukip-european-elections-a8912926.html
  • Dewey, C. (14th October 2014). The Only Guide to Gamergate You Will Ever Need to Read. The Washington Post. 4th September 2017. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2014/10/14/the-only-guide-togamergate-you-will-ever-need-to-read/
  • Di Stefano, M., and Wickham, A. (2019). A YouTuber Standing as a UKIP Candidate Invited Supporters to a Gaming Community That Has Chatrooms Filled with White Supremacist and Anti-Semitic Content. In BuzzFeed. [Accessed: 10th September 2019]. https://www.buzzfeed.com/markdistefano/sargon-akkad-discord-ukip-mep-campaign
  • Feminist Frequency (2018). Annual Report. https://femfreq2.files.wordpress.com/2019/01/2018femfreqannualreport-4. pdf
  • Friedman, J., Sarkeesian, A. and Sherman, R. B. (5th July 2018). Speak Up & Stay Safe(r): A Guide to Protecting Yourself From Online Harassment. [Accessed: 7th September 2019]. https://onlinesafety.feministfrequency.com/en/
  • Ging, D., and Siapera, E. (2018). Special Issue on Online Misogyny. Feminist Media Studies, 18(4), 515-524.
  • Ging, D. (2017). Alphas, Betas, and Incels: Theorizing the Masculinities of the Manosphere. Men and Masculinities, 22(4), 638-657. DOI: 10.1177/1097184X17706401
  • González Gil, L. J., and Servín Arroyo, A. (2017). Métodos cualitativos digitales: Un acercamiento a la antropología digital y otras posturas de investigación. Virtualis, 8(15), 61-80.
  • Grossman, Rachel, (1980) “Women´s place in the integrated circuit”, Radical America, 14(1), 29-50.
  • Guil Bozal, A., and Guil Bozal, J. (2006). Tejiendo redes: De la mitología al ciberfeminismo. In E. Bosch, V. A. Ferrer Pérez and C. Navarro Guzmán (comp.), Los feminismos como herramientas de cambio social (I) Palma: Universitat de les Illes Balears.
  • Habib, H., Bin Musa, M., Zaffar, F., and Nithyanand, R. (2019). To Act or React? Investigating Proactive Strategies for Online Community Moderation. Recuperado de https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.11932.pdf
  • Haraway, D. J. (1995).Ciencia, cyborgs y mujeres: La reinvención de la naturaleza. Madrid: Cátedra.
  • Hine, C. (2004). Etnografía virtual. Barcelona: Editorial UOC.
  • Horta Ribeiro, M., Ottoni, R., West, R., Almeida, V. A. F., and Meira, W. (2019). Auditing Radicalization Pathwayson on YouTube. FAT* ‘20: Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairnes, Accountability, and Transparency, January 2020, 131-141. DOI: 10.1145/3351095.3372879
  • Jane, E. A. (2014). “Your a Ugly, Whorish, Slut”: Understanding E-bile. Feminist Media Studies,14(4), 531-546. Jane, E. A. (2018). Systemic Misogyny Exposed: Translating Rapeglish from the Manosphere with a Random Rape Threat Generator. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 21(6), 661-680.
  • Kane, V. (26th June 2017).When Serial Harassers Try to Hijack Conversations About Harassment. In The Mary Sue. [Accessed: 4th September 2017]. https://www.themarysue.com/sarkeesian-v-garbage-humans/
  • Kennedy, B. (2007). Introduction Part Five. In D. Bell and B. Kennedy (ed.), The Cybercultures Reader (p. 331-339). London: Routledge.
  • Kozinets, R. (2015). Netnography: Redefined. London: Sage Publications.
  • Lupton, D. (1995). The Embodied Computer/user. In D. Bell and B. Kennedy (ed.) (2007), The Cybercultures Reader (p. 423-432). London: Routledge.
  • MacDonald, K. (9th May 2019). We’ve Seen Carl Benjamin’s Rank Misogyny before – Remember Gamergate? The Guardian. 10th September 2019. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/may/09/gamergate-carlbenjamin-ukip-mep
  • Malone, N. (24 de julio de 2017). Zoë and the Trolls. New York Magazine. 4th September 2017. http://nymag.com/ selectall/2017/07/zoe-quinn-surviving-gamergate.html
  • McDonald, S. N. (15th October 2014). “Gamergate”: Feminist Video Game Critic Anita Sarkeesian Cancels Utah Lecture after Threat. The Washington Post. 4th September 2019. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/ wp/2014/10/15/gamergate-feminist-vídeo-game-critic-anita-sarkeesian-cancels-utah-lecture-after-threat-citingpolice-inability-to-prevent-concealed-weapons-at-event/
  • Pink, S., Horst, H., Postill, J., Hjorth, L., Lewis, T. and Tacchi, J. (2016). Digital Ethnography: Principles and Practice. London: Sage Publications.
  • Plant, S. (1996). On the Matrix: Cyberfeminist Simulations. In D. Bell and B. Kennedy (ed.) (2007), The Cybercultures Reader (p. 340-351). London: Routledge.
  • Plant, S. (1998). Ceros + Unos: Mujeres digitales + la nueva tecnocultura. Barcelona: Ediciones Destino.
  • Sargon of Akkad. (n.d). Inicio [Cuenta de Twitter]. https://twitter.com/Sargon_of_Akkad
  • Sargon of Akkad. (n.d.). Inicio [Canal de YouTube]. Source: https://www.youtube.com/c/SargonofAkkad/featured
  • Sarkeesian, A. (20th January 2015). One Week of Harassment on Twitter. In Feminist Frequency. [Accessed: 4th September 2019]. https://femfreq.tumblr.com/post/109319269825/one-week-of-harassment-on-twitter
  • Sarkeesian, A. (3rd March 2016). Feminist Frequency and Crash Override Partnership. In Feminist Frequency. [Accessed: 4th September 2019]. https://feministfrequency.com/2016/03/03/feminist-frequency-and-crash-override-partnership/
  • Sarkeesian, A. (26th June 2017). On VidCon, Harassment & Garbage Humans. In Feminist Frequency. [Accessed: 4th September 2018]. https://feministfrequency.com/2017/06/26/on-vidcon-harassment-garbage-humans/
  • Sarkeesian, A. (2019). Anita Sarkeesian. [Accessed: 7th September 2019]. https://web.archive.org/web/20191018200522/ http://www.anitasarkeesian.com:80/projects
  • Stone, A. R. (1992). Will the Real Body Please Stand up? Boundary Stories about Virtual Cultures. In D. Bell and B. Kennedy (ed.) (2007), The Cybercultures Reader (p. 433-455). London: Routledge.
  • Totilo, S. (2014). Another Woman In Gaming Flees Home Following Death Threats. In Kotaku. [Accessed: 4th September 2019]. http://kotaku.com/another-woman-in-gaming-flees-home-following-death-thre-1645280338
  • Warzel, C. (15th August 2019). How an Online Mob Created a Playbook for a Culture War. The New York Times. 1st September 2019. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/08/15/opinion/what-is-gamergate.html
  • Zafra, R. (2004). Habitar en (punto) net: Estudios sobre mujer, educación e internet. Córdoba: Universidad de Córdoba.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet