Conceptos fundamentales sobre inclusión social y laboral de las personas con discapacidad

Abstract

The importance of using the correct terminology is not only academic but also social. This chapter will address the evolution of the concept of disability, as well as the different explanatory models of disability, paying special attention to the social model and the rights approach. In relation to this, the difference between equal opportunities and equity will be addressed, in order to analyze the reasons that have led to the exclusion of the group of people with disabilities since the Industrial Revolution. It is necessary to understand the implications of the effects that this revolution had on the inclusion of people with disabilities, especially in the field of participation in education and employment. As a consequence, two itineraries appear in the educational sphere (the ordinary and the special education center) and, simultaneously, an alternative circuit of inclusion in employment is generated from which models differentiated from ordinary employment appear, as is the case of special employment.