Estudio arqueométrico del soporte marmóreo de una escultura de Livia hallada en la ciudad romana de Asido (Medina Sidonia, Cádiz)

  1. Ontiveros, Esther 1
  2. Beltrán Fortes, José 2
  3. Loza, María Luisa 3
  1. 1 Instituto Andaluz de Patrimonio Histórico
  2. 2 Universidad de Sevilla
    info

    Universidad de Sevilla

    Sevilla, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03yxnpp24

  3. 3 Instituto Andaluz de Patrimonio Histórico en el Centro de Documentación.
Show affiliations +
Journal:
Ge-conservación

ISSN: 1989-8568

Year of publication: 2020

Issue Title: Ge-conservación Nº18

Volume: 18

Pages: 108-122

Type: Article

DOI: 10.37558/GEC.V18I1.750 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

More publications in: Ge-conservación

Abstract

This paper shows the archaeometric study carried out on a sculpture of Livia, found in the city of Asido (Medina Sidonia, Cádiz, Spain), conserved in two dissociated parts (head and body), in order to expand the knowledge about the sculptural find, currently located in the museum of Cádiz. These pieces made of white marbles have been analyzed from the mineralogical-petrographic and geochemical point of view and later, a comparative study has been carried out with material from quarries exploited and marketed in southern Hispania, as well as with other foreign marbles widely used in Roman times in the Baetica province. The analytical results indicate that both pieces, although with different textural and compositional features, may come from the same quarry. The petrographic features coincide with other local and foreign varieties, but their major and traces chemical components allowed to establish the quarries of Almadén de la Plata (Seville, Spain) as the most probable origin. The marble of the head of coarse grain size, translucent and saccharoid appearance presents content of Cl y Zn, Zr and La; that allow to attribute as origin to a variety of translucent calcitic white marble with pinkish veins typical from Almadén de la Plata. On the other hand, the similar contents in MgO, Fe2O3, Ba and traces of Th observed in the marble of the body, indicate its correlation with a variety of white marble of more heterogeneous grain size with grayish veins and banded texture, where bands of medium to coarse grain with finer grain bands, also typical of these old quarries. This study also shows the careful selection of the material that was used in the elaboration of the heads-portraits of the Roman sculptures.

Bibliographic References

  • ÁLVAREZ PÉREZ, A., DOMÉNECH, A., LAPUENTE, P., PITARCH, A., ROYO, H. (2009). Mármoles y piedras de Hispania. Catálogo de la exposición, ICAC, Tarragona.
  • ANTONELLI, F., LAPUENTE, P., DASSANDIER D., KAMEL, S. (2014). “Petrographic characterization and provenance determination of the crystalline marbles used in the roman city of Banasa (Morocco): new data on the import of Iberian marble in roman North Africa”, Archaeometry 57, 3: 405–425. https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12099.
  • ANTONELLI, F.; LAZZARINI, L. (2015). “An updated petrographic and isotopic reference database for white marbles used in antiquity”, Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei, 26: 399-413. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-015-0423.
  • ATTANASIO D. (2003). Ancient white marbles: analysis and identification by paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. L’Erma di Bretschneider, Roma.
  • ATTANASIO, D., BRUNO, M.; PROCHASKA, W., TAVUZ, A.B. (2013). “A Multi‐Method Database of the Black and White Marbles of Göktepe (Aphrodisias), Including Isotopic, EPR, Trace and Petrographic Data”. Archaeometry, 57, nº 2 217-245. https://doi.org/10.1111/arcm.12076
  • BELFIORE, C. M, RICCA, M, LA RUSSA, M. F., RUFFOLO, S.A, GALLI G., BARCA, D., MALAGODI, M., VALLEFUOCO, M., SPROVIERI, M., PEZZINO, A. (2016). “Provenance study of building and statuary marbles from the Roman archaeological site of “Villa dei Quintili” (Rome, Italy). Ital. J. Geosci., 135, No. 2 (2016), pp. 236-249. https://doi.org/10.3301/IJG.2015.19
  • BELTRÁN FORTES, J. LOZA AZUAGA M. L. (2015). “La Livia de Asido (Medina Sidonia, Cádiz). Identificación de la estatua en el Museo de Cádiz”, Madrider Mitteilungen, 56: 258-269.
  • BELTRÁN FORTES, J. LOZA AZUAGA M.L.., MONTAÑES CABALLERO S. (2018). Esculturas romanas de Asido (Medina Sidonia, Cádiz). Editorial UCA/ Universidad de Sevilla, Cádiz-Sevilla.
  • BELTRÁN FORTES, J., LOZA AZUAGA M. L. (2020). Provincia de Cádiz (Hispania Vlterior Baetica), Corpus de esculturas del Imperio Romano – España, I, 8, Cádiz-Tarragona: Editorial UCA / ICAC.
  • BLANC, P., LAPUENTE MERCADAL, M. P., GUTIÉRREZ GARCÍA-MORENO, A. (2020). “A New Database of the Quantitative Cathodoluminescence of the Main Quarry Marbles Used in Antiquity”. Minerals, 10, 381. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10040381
  • BLANCO, A. (1965). “Retratos de príncipes julio-claudios en la Bética”, Boletín de la Real Academia de la Historia, 156, 1: 89-100
  • BRILLI, M., LAPUENTE MERCADAL, M.P., GIUSTINI, F. ROYO PLUMED, H. (2020). Reply to Comments on the paper “Petrography and Mineralogy of the white marble and black stone of Göktepe (Muğla, Turkey) used in antiquity: New data for provenance determination” by M. Brilli, M.P. Lapuente Mercadal, F. Giustini and H. Royo Plumed (JAS Reports 2018, 19, 625–642). JAS Repor. Volumen 30, 10271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2019.102071
  • CANTISANI E., FRATINI F., MALESANI P., MOLLI G. (2005). “Mineralogical and petrophysical characterization of white Apuan marble”, Periodico di Mineralogia, 74, 2:117-140. EID: 2-s2.0-57649234042.
  • CAPEDRI, S., VENTURELLI, G., PHOTIDES, A. (2004). “Accesory minerals and δ18O δ13 marbles from Mediterranean area”, Journal of Cultural Heritage, 5(1): 27-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2003.003
  • CAPEDRI, S., VENTURELLI, G. (2004). “Accessory minerals as tracers in the provenancing of archaeological marbles, used in combination with isotopic and petrographic data”, Archaeometry, 46, 4: 517-536. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2004.00171.
  • CASAL MOURA, A. (2007). Mármores e Calcários Ornamentais de Portugal. Gestão de Artes Gráficas SA, Amadora.
  • CRAMER, T., MOLANO, J.C., DURAN ÖCAL, A. (2010). “Provenance determination of archaeological marbles as an example for the use of geoscientific methods in archaeometry”, Geología Colombiana, 35:143-161. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/geocol/article/view/27295
  • EBERT, A., GNOS, E., RAMSEYER, K., SPANDLER, C., FLEITMANN, D., BITZIOS, D. DECROUEZ, D. (2010). “Provenance of marbles from Naxos based on microstructural and geochemical characterization”, Archaeometry 52(2): 209–228. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.2009.00477.x
  • FITTSCHEN, K. Y ZANKER, P. (1983). Katalog der römischen Porträts der Capitolinischen Museen und anderen kommunalen Sammlugen der Stadt Rom, I, Mainz am Rhein.
  • GARRIGUET, J. A. (2004). “Grupos estatuarios imperiales de la Bética: la evidencia escultórica y epigráfica”. En T. Nogales y J. Gonçalves (coords.), Actas de la IV Reunión de Escultura romana en Hispania, Ministerio de Cultura, Madrid: 67-101.
  • GORGONI C., LAZZARINI L., PALLANTE P., TURI B. (2002). “An updated and detailed mineropetrographic and C-O stable isotopic reference database for the main Mediterranean marbles used in antiquity”. En J.J. Herrmann, N. Herz & R. Newman (eds.): ASMOSIA 5, Interdisciplinary Studies on Ancient Stone – Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference of the Association for the Study of Marble and Other Stones in Antiquity, June 1998, Archetype Publications, London:115-131. http://www.dst.uniroma1.it/riviste/permin/testi/V73/39.pdf
  • LAPUENTE, M. P. (1995): Mineralogical, petrographical and geochemical characterization of white marbles from Hispania. En The Study of Marble and Other Stones Used in Antiquity, Y. Maniatis, N. Herz, Y. Basiakos, eds. Archetype Pub, London,151–160.
  • LAPUENTE, P., LEÓN, P., NOGALES,T., ROYO, H., PREITE MARTINEZ, M., BLANC, P.H. (2012). “White sculptural materials from Villa Adriana: study of provenance”. En A. Gutiérrez Garcia, P. Lapuente and I. Rodà (ed.): Interdisciplinary studies on ancient stone: proceedings of the IX ASMOSIA Conference, Institut Català d’Arqueologia Clàssica Tarragona: 364–75.
  • LAPUENTE, P., NOGALES-BASARRATE, T., ROYO, H., BRILLI, M., (2014). “White marble sculptures from the National Museum of RomanArt (Mérida, Spain): sources of local and imported marbles”. European Journal of Mineralogy, 26, 333–54.
  • LAZZARINI, L., MOSCHINI, G., STIEVANO, B. M. (1980). “A contribution to the identification of Italian, Greek and Anatolian marbles through a petrological study and the evaluation of the Ca/Sr ratio”. Archaeometry, 22, 173–183. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4754.1980.tb00940.x
  • LAZZARINI, L. (2004). “Archaeometric aspects of white and coloured marbles used in antiquity: the state of the art”, Per. Mineral., 73:113-125.
  • LEÓN, P. (2001). Retratos romanos de la Bética, Junta de Andalucía, Sevilla.
  • LOPES, L., MARTINS, R. (2015). “Global Heritage Stone: Estremoz Marbles, Portugal”. The Geological Society, London. 10.1144/SP407.10
  • MARIN, E., CLARIDGE, A., KOLEGA, M. Y RODÁ, I. (2004). “Livia d’Oxford-Opuzen”. En E. Marin e I. Rodá (eds.): Divo Augusto. El descubrimiento de un templo romano en Croacia, University of Split: 76-86 y 340-344.
  • MOENS, L., ROOS, P., DE RUDDER, J., DE PAEPE, P., VAN HENDE, J., MARECHAL, R., WAELKENS, M. (1988). “A multi-method approach to the identification of white marbles used in antique artifacts”. En N. Herz y M. Waelkens (ed.) Classical Marble: Geochemistry, Technology, Trade. NATO ASI Series (Series E: Applied Sciences), 153. Springer, Dordrecht: 243–250. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7795-3_27
  • ONTIVEROS ORTEGA, E. (2008). “Análisis Petrográfico de los Mármoles de la Cantera de los Castillejos y su Aportación al Estudio Arqueometríco de las Canteras Romanas de Almadén de la Plata, Sevilla”. En T. Nogales y J. Beltrán (eds.), Marmora Hispania: Explotación y Uso de los Materiales Pétreos en la Hispania Romana. Roma, Italia. L’Erma di Bretschneider, vol. I: 365-376.
  • ONTIVEROS ORTEGA, E., BELTRAN FORTES, J., TAYLOR, R., RODRIGUEZ GUTIERREZ, O. (2012). “Petrography and Elemental Geochemistry of the Roman Quarries of los Castillejos and los Covachos (Almadén de la Plata, Seville, Spain). Outcrops and Semi-Elaborated Products”. En A. Gutiérrez, P. Lapuente e I. Rodà (ed.), Interdisciplinary studies on ancient stone: proceedings of the IX ASMOSIA Conference, Institut Català d’Arqueologia Clàssica, Tarragona: 407-418.
  • PENSABENE, P. (2002). “Le principali cave di marmo bianco”. En M. de Nuccio y L. Ungaro (eds.), I marmi colorati della Roma Imperiale. Marsilio Editore, Venezia: 203-221.
  • PORETTI, G. (2016). “In situ analysis of white marble from the Mediterranean Basin by LA-ICP-MS: inferences on provenace based on trace-element profiles”. Tesis doctoral de la Universidad La Sapienza, Roma. https://iris.uniroma1.it/handle/11573/1158588#.Xk6wjihKjcs (consultado on line el 20 de febrero de 2020).
  • PORETTI, G., BRILLI, M., DE VITO, C., CONTE, A.M., BORGHI, A., GÜNTHER, D., ZANETTI, A. (2017). “New considerations on trace elements for quarry provenance investigation of ancientwhite marbles”. J. Cult. Herit. 28, 16 26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.culher.2017.04.008
  • SCHOLZ, B. I. (1998). Untersuchungen zur Tracht der römischen Matrona. Bölhau Verlag , München.
  • TAELMAN, D., ELBURG, M., SMET, I., DE PAEPE, P., LOPES, L.., VANHAECKE, F., VERMEULEN, F. (2013). “Roman marble from Lusitania: petrographic and geochemical characterisation”, Journal of Archaeological Science, 40(5): 2227-2236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2012.12.030
  • TAYLOR, R. (2015). Las canteras romanas de mármol de Almadén de la Plata (Sevilla, España). Un análisis arqueológico. Tesis Doctoral, Universidad de Sevilla. https://idus.us.es/handle/11441/28214 (consultado on line el 20 de enero de 2020).
  • WIELGOSZ-RONDOLINO, D., ANTONELLI, F., BOJANOWSKI, M. J., GŁADKI, M., CEMAL GONCÜOGLU, M. & LAZZARINI, L. (2020). “Improved methodology for identication of Goktepe white marble and the understanding of its use: A comparison with Carrara marble Dagmara”. Journal of Archaeological Science, 113, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.105059
Data source: Dialnet