Comparison of the effect of social background on the wages of Spanish graduates before and during a crisis context

  1. Sandra Fachelli 1
  2. Dani Torrents 1
  1. 1 Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
    info

    Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

    Barcelona, España

    ROR https://ror.org/052g8jq94

Revista:
RISE

ISSN: 2014-3575

Año de publicación: 2018

Volumen: 7

Número: 2

Páginas: 154-180

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.17583/RISE.2018.3210 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: RISE

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Resumen

The economic context may have modified the relationship between higher education and the labour market. The rise in university fees, the labour market situation and the behaviour of employers, families and students could activate social background as a differentiating factor in post-higher education occupational status. The objective of the present study is to analyze if the social origin affects the labor insertion of the graduates, measured through their income. The labor insertion of graduates is analyzed in 2011 (crisis period) and compared with 2005 (period of economic expansion).Two Spanish databases are used in this analysis: the 2005 and 2011 Living Conditions Survey. The results presented show no income inequality related to social class of graduates. Between 2005 and 2011 most unskilled occupations suffered job destruction, thus homogenizing to some extent the graduates who were working in 2011 and reducing the internal differences.

Información de financiación

This article was elaborated in the context of INCASI Network, a European project that has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie GA No 691004 and coordinated by Dr. Pedro López-Roldán. This article reflects only the author's view and the Agency is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. We also appreciate the support of Ministerio de Educación Cultura y Deporte (FPU 2012).

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Albert, C. (1998). Higher Education Demand in Spain: The Influence of Labor Market Signals And Family Background. València: Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Económicas. doi: 10.1023/A:1004070925581
  • Anders, J. (2015). Does socioeconomic background affect pay growth among early entrants to high-status jobs? National Instituto of Economic and Social Research. Working Paper, pp 1-26. Retrieved from http://www.niesr.ac.uk/sites/default/files/publications/DP453.pdf
  • ANECA. (2009). Los procesos de inserción laboral de los titulados universitarios en España. Factores de facilitación y de obstaculización. [The process of labor insertion of university graduates in Spain. Facilitating and hindering factors]. Madrid: ANECA. Retrieved from http://www.aneca.es/content/download/10357/115911/file/publi_proc esosil.pdf
  • Anghel, B., S. De la Rica, & A. Lacuesta. (2014). The impact of the great recession on employment polarization in Spain. SERIEs 5(2-3), 143– 171. doi:10.1007/s13209-014-0105-y
  • Associació Catalana d’Universitats Públiques. (2011). Impactes de les universitats públiques catalanes a la societat. [Impacts of the Catalan public universities to society]. Barcelona: Associació Catalana d’Universitats Públiques. Retrieved from http://www.acup.cat/sites/default/files/impactes-de-les-universitatspubliques-catalanes-la-societat.pdf
  • Ballarino, G., Bernardi, F. & Panichella, N. (2013). Social inequality, educational expansion and return to credentials: a comparison between Italy and Spain. Paper presented at the XI Congreso Español de Sociología. Retrieved from http://www.fesweb.org/congresos/11/ponencias/861/
  • Ballarino, G., Bernardi, F., Requena, M., & Schadee, H. (2009). Persistent Inequalities? Expansion of Education and Class Inequality in Italy and Spain. European Sociological Review, 25(1), 123–138. doi: 10.1093/esr/jcn031
  • Becker, G. (1975). Human capital. Nueva York: NBER. doi: 10.7208/chicago/9780226041223.001.0001
  • Bernardi, B. & Abade, M. (2017). Education as the (not so) great equalizer: new evidence based on a parental fixed effect analysis for Spain. EUI Working Ppers SPS2017/6. Departament of Political and Social Sciences.
  • Bernardi, F. & Ballarino,G. (2014). Participation, equality of opportunity and returns to tertiary education in contemporary Europe. European Societies, 16(3), 422-442
  • Bernardi, F. & Garrido, L. (2008). Is there a new service proletariat? Postindustrial Employment Growth and Social Inequality in Spain. European Sociological Review, 24(3), 299-313.
  • Bernardi, F. & Requena, M. (2010). Inequality in educational transitions: the case of post-compulsory education in Spain. Revista de Educación. Número Extraordinario 2010, 93-118.
  • Bernstein, B. (1988). Clases, códigos y control. [Classes, codes and control]. Madrid: Arkal.
  • Blau, P., & Duncan, O. (1967). The Americal Occupational Structure. Nueva York: Wiley and Sons.
  • Boudon, R. (1974). Education, opportunity and social inequality: changing propsects in western society. New York: Wiley.
  • Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A social critique of the Judgement of Taste. Londres: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Bourdieu, P., & Passeron, J. (1990). Reproduction in Education, Society, and Culture. 1990. Londres: Sage in association with Theory Culture & Society Dept. of Administrative and Social Studies Teesside Polytechnic.
  • Breen, R., & Goldthorpe, J. (1997). Explaining Educational Differentials: Towards a Formal Rational Action Theory. Rationality & Society, (9), 273 – 305. doi: 10.1177/104346397009003002
  • Carabaña, J. (2013). Crecimiento del Bachillerato e igualdad de los años ochenta. Revista de la Asociación de Sociología de la EducaciónRASE, 6(1), 6-31.
  • Carabaña, J. and G. de la Fuente. 2015. Facultad por Facultad. Origen familiar y empleo de los licenciados en CCSS y Humanidades de la UCM en el año 2003. Revista Complutense de Educación, 26
  • Cachón, L. (2001). ¿Movilidad social o trayectorias de clase? [Social mobility or class trajectories?] Madrid: Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas.
  • Carabaña, J. (2004). "Educación y mobilidad social". In El Estado de Bienestar en España ["Education and social mobility". In The Welfare State in Spain], edited by V. Navarro (pp. 246–289). Madrid: Tecnos.
  • Casillas, M., Chain R. & Jácome, N. (2007). Origen social de los estudiantes y trayectorias estudiantiles en la universidad veracruzana. [Social origin of the students and educational trajectories in the veracruzana university] Revista de Educación Superior, 36(142), 7–29.
  • De Cabo, G., & Garzón, M. (2007). Diferencia y discriminación salarial por razón de sexo. [Gender pay gap and discrimination] Madrid: Instituto de la Mujer.
  • De Pablos, L., & Gil, I. (2007). Análisis de los condicionantes socioeconómicos del acceso a la educación superior. [Analysis of the socioeconomical determinants of access to higher education]. Presupuesto y Gasto Público, 48, 37–57.
  • Dekker, J.J.H., Amsing, H.T.A., Hahurij, L. & Wichgers, I. (2014) The Resilience of Recently Graduated and Unemployed Dutch Academics in Coping with the Economic Crisis. Journal of Social Science Education, 13(3), 45-56.
  • Duncan, O. (1966). Path Analysis: Sociological Examples. The American Journal of Sociology, 72(1), 1–16.
  • Duncan, O., & Featherman, D. (1972). Socioeconomic background and achievement. Nueva York: Academic Press.
  • Erikson, R. (1984). Social Class of Men, Women and Families. Sociology 1(4), 500-514.
  • Erikson, R., Golthorpe, J.H. & Portocarero, L. (1979) Intergenerational Class Mobility in Three Western European Societies: England, France and Sweden. The British Journal of Sociology, 30(4), 415-441.
  • Erikson, R., & Goldthorpe, J. (1992). The Constant Flux. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Fachelli, S. & López-Roldán, P. (2017). El efecto de la inmigración en la movilidad social intergeneracional en España. Revista Española de Sociología, 26(3), 309-328. Retrieved from http://www.fessociologia.com/files/journal/32/271/article.pdf
  • Fachelli, S. & López-Roldán, P. (2015) Are We More Mobile when the Invisible Half Is Accounted for? Analysis of Intergenerational Social Mobility in Spain in 2011. REIS. Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociologicas, 150, 41-70. doi: 10.5477/cis/reis.150.41
  • Fachelli, S. & Navarro-Cendejas, J. (2015). Relationship between social origin and labor insertion of university graduates. RELIEVE. Revista Electrónica de Investigación y Evaluación Educativa, 21(2).
  • Fachelli, S. & Planas, J. (2016). Evolució de la inserció professional dels graduats universitaris: de l'expansió a la crisi duradora, en Sandra Fachelli y Jordi Planas, Equitat en l'accés i en la inserció professional dels graduats universitaris, GRET, Barcelona, AQU.
  • Fachelli, S. & Planas, J. (2013). Graduados universitarios catalanes: efecto de la crisis en su inserción laboral y cambios intergeneracionales. [Catalan university graduates: effect of the crisis on their labor insertion and intergenerational changes]. Paper presented at the XI Congreso Federación Española de Sociología. Retrieved from http://www.fes-web.org/congresos/11/ponencias/1206/
  • Fachelli, S., & Planas, J. (2014). Inserción profesional y movilidad intergeneracional de los universitarios: de la expansión a la crisis. [Professional insertion and intergenerational mobility of university students: from expansion to crisis]. Revista Española de Sociología, (21), 69–98.
  • Fachelli, S., Torrents D., & Navarro-Cendejas, J. (2014). ¿La universidad española suaviza las diferencias de clase en la inserción laboral? [Does the Spanish university soften the differences of class in the labor insertion?]. Revista de Educación, (364), 119–144. doi:10.4438/1988-592X-RE-2014-364-257
  • Fernández Mellizo-Soto, M., and J.S. Martínez-García (2016). Inequality of educational opportunities: School failure trends in Spain (1977–2012). International Studies in Sociology of Education, 26(3), 267-287. Doi: 10.1080/09620214.2016.1192954
  • Galassi, G. L. & Andrada, M. (2009). La relación entre educación e ingresos: Ecuaciones de Mincer por regiones geográficas de Argentina para el año 2006. [The relation between education and income: Equations of Mincer by geographic regions of Argentina for the year 2006] San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca: Universidad Nacional de Catamarca. http://www.produccion.fsoc.uba.ar/aepa/xjornadas/
  • Ganzeboom, H.B. & Treiman, D.J. (2010). International Stratification and Mobility File: Conversion Tools. Amsterdam: Department of Social Research Methodology. Retrieved from http://www.harryganzeboom.nl/ismf/index.htm, último acceso 8 de mayo de 2014.
  • Gambetta, D. (1987). Were they pushed or did they jump? Londres: Cambridge University Press.
  • Gil-Hernández, C.; Marqués-Perales, I. y Fachelli, S. (2017). Intergenerational Social Mobility in Spain between 1956 and 2011: The Role of Educational Expansion and Economic Modernization in a Late Industrialized Country. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 51, 14-27.
  • Goldthorpe, J. (2007). On Sociology: numbers, narrative and the integration of research and theory. California: Stanford Univesity Press.
  • Hansen, M. (2001). Education and economic rewards. Variations by socialclass origin and income measures. European Sociological Review, 17(3), 209–231. doi: 10.1093/esr/17.3.209
  • Korupp, S.E., Ganzeboom, H. B., and Van Der Lippe, T. (2002). Do Mothers Matter? A Comparison of Models of the Influence of Mothers’ and Fathers’ Educational and Occupational Status on Children’s Educational Attainment. Quality and Quantity, 36, 17-42. doi: 10.1023/A:1014393223522
  • López-Roldán, P., & Fachelli. S. (2015). Análisis de regresión. [Regresion analysis] Chapter 3.9 in Metodología de la Investigación Social Cuantitativa. Bellaterra: Dipòsit Digital de Documents, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
  • López-Roldan, P. (1994). La construcción de tipologías en sociología: propuesta metodológica de construcción, análisis y validación. Aplicación al estudio de la segmentación del mercado de trabajo en la Regió Metropolinana de Barcelona. [The construction of typologies in sociology: methodological proposal of construction, analysis and validation, Application to the study of the segmentation of the mabor market inthe Metropolitan Region of Barcelona] Bellaterra: Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5135
  • Marqués Perales, I. & C. J. Gil-Hernández (2015). Social Origins and OverEducation of Spanish University Graduates: Is Access to the Service Class Merit-Based? Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 150(89), 112. doi:10.5477/cis/reis.150.89
  • Marqués-Perales, I. & Gil-Hernández, C. (2015). Origen social y sobreeducación en los universitarios españoles: ¿es meritocrático el acceso a la clase de servicio? Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 150, 89-112.
  • Marqués-Perales, I., & Herrera-Usagre, M. (2010). ¿Somos más móviles? Nuevas evidencias sobre la movilidad intergeneracional de clase en España en la segunda mitad del siglo XX. [Are we more mobile? New evidence on intergenerational class mobility in Spain in the second half of the 20th century] Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociologicas, 131, 43–73.
  • Martínez-Celorrio, X. (2013). Tendencias de movilidad y reproducción social por la educación en España. [Trends in mobility and social reproduction by education in Spain] Revista de la Asociación de Sociología Española, 6(1), 32–48. http://issuu.com/sociologeducasociologiaeducacion/docs/rase_06_1b
  • Martínez-Celorrio, X., & Marín-Salado, A. (2012). Crisi, trajectòries socials i educació. Anàlisi longitudinal del PaD (2003-2009). [Crisis, social and education background. Longitudinal analysis of the PaD (2003- 2009)]. Barcelona: Fundació Jaume Bofill. Retrieved from http://www.fbofill.cat/intra/fbofill/documents/publicacions/564.pdf.
  • Merino, R., & Garcia, M. (2007). Itineraris de formació i inserció laboral dels joves a Catalunya. [Training itineraries and employment of young people in Catalonia]. Barcelona: Fundació Jaume Bofill. Retrieved from http://www.fbofill.cat/sites/default/files/448.pdf
  • Miguélez, F. & López-Roldán, P. (2014). Crisis, empleo e inmigración en España. Un análisis de las trayectorias laborales. [Crisis, employment and immigration in Spain. An analysis of labor trajectories]. Bellaterra: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.
  • Molina, O. & López-Roldán, P. (2015). Occupational Growth and NonStandard Employment in the Spanish Service Sector: from Upgrading to Polarizatio. En: W. Eichhorst, Werner y Marx, Paul (eds.). Nonstandard employment in a comparative perspective. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 110-149. doi: 10.4337/9781781001721.00011
  • Mora, J. G. (2008). El éxito laboral de los jóvenes graduados universitarios europeos. Revista de Educación, (Extraord.), 41–58.
  • OECD (2017). Getting Skills Right: OECD Publishing. Paris. doi: 10.1787/9789264282346-en
  • Opheim, V. (2007). Equal opportunities? The effect of social background on transition from education to work among graduates in Norway. Journal of Education and Work, 20(3), 255–282. doi: 10.1080/13639080701464533
  • Planas, J., & Fachelli, S. (2010). Les universitats catalanes, factor d’equitat i de mobilitat profesional. [The Catalan universities as a factor of equity and professional mobility]. Barcelona: Agència per la Qualitat del Sistema Universitari. Retrieved from https://ddd.uab.cat/record/114679
  • Salido, O. (2001). La movilidad ocupacional de las mujeres en España. Por una sociología de la movilidad femenina. [The occupational mobility of women in Spain. For a sociology of female mobility]. Madrid: Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas.
  • Shavit, Y., Yaish, M. & Bar-Haim, E. (2007). The persistence of persistent inequality. In From origin to destination: trends and mechanismes in social stratification research, edited by S. Schererç, R. Pollak, G. Otte, and M. Gangl. Frankfurt: Campus Verlag.
  • Soler, R., Serracant, P., Salvado, T. & Miret, P. (2008). Enquesta a la joventut de Catalunya 2007. [Youth survey of Catalunya 2007] Barcelona: Generalitat de Catalunya.
  • Subirats, M. (2012). Barcelona: de la necessitat a la llibertat. Les clases socials al tombant del segle XXI. [Barcelona: from the need to the freedom. Social classes at the turn of the century]. Barcelona: La Central. Retrieved from https://ddd.uab.cat/record/169396
  • Teichler, U. (2007). Careers of University Graduates. Views and Experiences in Comparative Perspectives. Dordrecht: Springer.
  • Torche, F. (2011). Is a college degree still the great equalizer? Intergerational mobility across levels of schooling in the US. American Journal of Sociology, 117(3), 763–807.
  • Torrents, D. (2015). Trayectorias juveniles y factores de la demanda de educación universitaria española para el año 2009. [Youth trajectories and demand factors of Spanish university education for the year 2009]. Papers. Revista de Sociologia, 100(1), 131–149. doi: 10.5565/rev/papers.623
  • Torrents, D., & Fachelli, S. (2015). El efecto del origen social con el paso del tiempo : la inserción laboral de los graduados universitarios españoles durante la democracia. [The effect of the social origin over time: the labor insertion of Spanish university graduates during democracy]. Revista Complutense de Educación, 26(2), 331-349. doi: 10.5209/rev_RCED.2015.v26.n2.43070
  • Warren, J. R., & Hauser, R.M. (2002). Occupational stratification across the life course: evidence from the Winsconsin Longitudinal Study. American Sociological Review, 67, 432–455.